118 NORTH AMERICAN WARBLERS. 



The first Maiyland 3^ellow-throats are seen on the average at Water- 

 loo, Incl., April 25; in northern Ohio, April 30; in southern Michigan 

 and at Chicago, May 1; Keokuk, Iowa, April 27; Grinnell, Iowa, 

 April 30; I^ianesboro, Minn., May 5; Elk River, Minn., Ma}^ 12; and 

 Aweme, Manitoba, Ma}^ 22. 



As might be expected from the fact that a few Maryland j^ellow- 

 throats winter in Texas, the dates on which the first are seen in spring 

 in that State are ver}^ irregular. In some cases the records of occur- 

 rence given below relate to wintering birds. The dates bring out the 

 fact, however, that the bulk of the species moves at a little later date 

 here than nearer the Mississippi River. The records are as follows: 

 Lower. Rio Grande, April 11, 1878; Corpus Christi, March 26-April 

 15, 1899; Refugio County, April 15, 1899; San Antonio, February 22 

 (common March 5), 1890, February 12 (common April 10), 1891; 

 Austin, March 11 (common March 21), 1890; Fredericksburg, April 

 21, 1893; Dallas, April 1, 1898, April 2, 1899; Bonham, April 19, 

 1889, April 22, 1890, April 13, 1891; central Texas, April 4, 1885, 

 April 12, 1891; Houston, "arrive about April 15" (Nehrling); Still- 

 well, Ind. T., April 7 and 10, 1897. 



I^^all migration. — The migration range of the Maryland yellow- 

 throat is s^ filled with breeding birds that it is not possible to define 

 with exactness the beginning of the southward movement in fall. 

 The earliest dates of striking at the Florida lighthouses (when, of 

 course, the birds are unquestionably migrating) are September 11, 

 1881, September 12, 1885, and September 18, 1887, at Sombrero Key. 

 These records confirm Gundlach's statement that the species reaches 

 Cuba in September. The earliest arrival noted in Jamaica was on 

 October 8, and the earliest in eastern Nicaragua on October 28. The 

 period of fall migration of the species is almost as extended as that of 

 spring. The bulk of the birds leave their northern breeding grounds 

 in September, but even far north some linger until late in the season. 

 The last were seen at Lanesboro, Minn., October 5, 1885; Ottawa, Sep- 

 tember 27, 1889; North River, Prince Edward Island, September 11, 

 1887; St. John, New Brunswick, October 3, 1891; in southeastern New 

 York, October 14, 1887; Englewood, N. J., October 18, 1885; Wash- 

 ington, October 20, 1890. In southern Maine and along the New 

 England coast the last are seen October 1-14. At Raleigh, N. C, the 

 dates of the latest fall migrants are October 11, 1886, October 9, 1889, 

 October 11, 1890, and October 14, 1891; and at Asheville, N. C, Octo- 

 ber 26, 1891, and October 9, 1894. Onl}^ once in six years at Eubank, 

 K3^, were any migrants seen after the 1st of October. At Sombrero 

 Key light there were great flights on October 13, 1885, October 16-17, 

 1887, September 25 and October 2, 4, 8, 9, 11, 29, and 30, 1888. The 

 heaviest flight noted in fall occurred on November 4, 1888. The latest 

 flights were noted on November 10 and 11, 1888, and November 7, 

 1891. In all there are records of over 2,000 Maryland yellow-throats 



