180 NORTH AMEBIC AlSr WARBLEES. 



dian warbler breeds to central Minnesota, northeastern Illinois, central 

 Michigan, southern Ontario, central New York, eastern Massachusetts, 

 and northwestern Connecticut, and in the Allegheny Mountains to 

 North Carolina, where it occurs from 3,000 feet nearh^ to the top of 

 the highest peaks. The species is thus confined principalh' during the 

 breeding season to the Canadian zone, with scattering occurrences in 

 the Alleghenian. 



^Ugration range. — The great bulk of the species passes along the 

 Atlantic coast and westward to and including the vallej" of the Ohio. 

 In the interior the bird is a rare migrant from eastern Texas, eastern 

 Kansas, eastern Nebraska, through the valle}' of the Red River of the 

 North to Manitoba. Accidental occurrences are reported from central 

 Texas, southern New Mexico, and eastern Colorado. 



Winter range. — The winter home of the Canadian warbler lies a long* 

 distance from Canada. The species is found in greatest abundance in 

 Peru,^' especially in the northern portion, and in the neighboring* 

 regions of southern Ecuador.^ In these sections it is found through 

 the winter in flocks, which wander over the country on both the east- 

 ern and western slopes of the Andes. The extremes of the normal 

 altitudes attained by the bird are 3,700 and 7,000 feet. Most of the 

 records of its occurrence were made at an elevation of 4,000 to 5,000 

 feet. One specimen was secured at Quito, Ecuador,^ at 9,500 feet 

 altitude. The extreme southeastern point at which it has been recorded 

 is in the mountains east of Lima, where Jelski took a male and two 

 females on the eastern slope of the Andes at over 10,000 feet eleva- 

 tion. These individuals were 5,700 miles distant from Labrador 

 b}^ the principal route of migration followed b}" the species. The 

 Canadian warbler has been taken in northern Ecuador and centra 

 Colombia/^ although not noted b}- an}- of the expeditions to northern 

 Colombia, whence it may be inferred that individuals noted in Costa 

 Rica and Panama, where the bird is not uncommon, pass south- 

 east to Ecuador and Peru. The species has not been recorded from Nic- 

 aragua, Honduras, Yucatan, or the West Indies, nor for the last thirty 

 years from Florida. It is not uncommon in Guatemala, and the parties 

 of the Biological Survey took it in Chiapas, Puebla, and Tamaulipas, 

 Mexico. In the fall it is not uncommon through these districts. For 

 the most part it keeps in the mountainous country- at 3,000-8,000 feet, 



« Taczanowski, P. Z. S., p. 508, 1874; p. 223, 1879; p. 6, 1882. Orn. du Perou, I, 

 p. 468, 1884. Berlepsch & Stolzmann, P. Z. S., p. 332, 1896. 



?> Sclater, P. Z. S., p. Ill, 1854; pp. 64 and 451, 1858. Taczanowski and Berlepsch, 

 P. Z. S., p. 74, 1885. Goodfellow, Ibis, p. 314, 1901. Salvadori and Festa, Boll. 

 Mus. Zool^Torino, XV, No. 351, p. 8, 1899. 

 "'cSclater7 Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist, XVI, p. 281, 1855. 



^Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 143,1855. Salvin, Cat. Strick. Coll., p. 93,1882. Lafres- 

 naye, Rev. ZooL, p. 292, 1843; p. 79, 1844. Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, p. 34, 1862. 

 Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, p. 434, 1885. 



