REDSTAET. 133 



species breeds north to Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, Hudson Ba}-, and 

 Fort Good Hope on the Mackenzie River. In the United States it 

 is chiefly eastern, but ranges west regularly to the Great Basin. It 

 breeds in Utah, Idaho, British Columbia, and eastern Washington, 

 and has occurred casual 1}^ at various seasons in Arizona, Lower Cali- 

 fornia, California, and Oregon. The breeding range extends south 

 to North Carolina, Arkansas, etc. The bird breeds at Fort Union, 

 N. Mex., and probably at Greensboro, Ala., and has been reported 

 during the breeding season at various places south of latitude 35^, but 

 these records are to be considered exceptional. A species that breeds 

 in the Canadian life zone of Newfoundland and also in the southern 

 Alleghenies would be expected to seek the higher portions of these 

 mountains, but the redstart at the southern limit of its range nests 

 in the lower valleys, scarcely rising to 2,000 feet. 



Winter range. — The winter distribution of the redstart is also very 

 extensive, covering 25° of latitude, 23° N. to 2° S., and 38° of longi- 

 tude, 60° to 98°. The species is a common spring and fall migrant in 

 the northern Bahamas, and a few individuals may winter in some of 

 the southern islands. It is an abundant winter resident in the Greater 

 Antilles and has a remarkable extension in the Lesser Antilles. It is 

 recorded from 4 of the Virgin Islands, 8 of the Leeward Islands, 

 including Dominica," and from St. Lucia,^ St. Vincent,^ Grenada, ^^ 

 Barbados,^ Tobago,-^' and Trinidad.^ Toward the east its numbers 

 diminish, so that it is rare in the Windward Islands. 



A great many redstarts pass to the mainland of South America, but 

 their distribution appears not to be extensive. On the north coast of 

 Colombia^^ the species is common both in migration and in winter, and 

 penetrates the interior about to the central part of the country,^ where 

 it is common at 3,000-6,000 feet altitude. It has been recorded from 

 Esmeraldas^' on the coast; Perucho^' at 6,300 feet on the Vv^est slope of 



«Verrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. YIII, p. 343, LS92. 



^Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 14, 1876. 



c Lawrence, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. I, p. 189, 1878. 



'HVells, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. IX, p. 611, 1887. 



^Feilden, Ibis, 482, 1889. 



/Jardine, Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. XX, 331, 1847. 



^Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. VI, p. 24, 1894; Salvin, Cat. Strick. Coll., 

 p. 95, 1882; Sclater, Cat. Am. Birds, 36, 1862; Ernst, Kev. Cient. Univ. Yenez. 1, 

 p. 33, 1887. 



^i Salvin & Godman, Ibis, p. 199, 1879; ibid., p. 118, 1880. Bangs, Proc. Biol. Soc. 

 AVash., XII, p. 144, 1898. Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, p. 176, 1900; Auk, 

 XVII, p. 366, 1900. 



MVyatt, Ibis, p. 323, 1871. Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S., p. 494, 1879. Berlepsch, 

 J. f. Orn. , p. 284, 1884. Sharpe, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., X, 414, 1885. Sclater, P. Z. S., 

 p. 144, 1855. 



i Sclater, P. Z. S., p. 292, 1860. 



^Ibid., p. 84. 



