134 NORTH AMERICAN WARBLERS. 



the Andes; Quito ^' and Chimbo^^ in western Ecuador at above 9,000 

 feet, and at Papallacta^' (11,500 feet) southeast of Quito on the east slope 

 of the Andes, where it was not uncommon. The latter places, two 

 degrees south of the equator, are the southernmost points at which it 

 has been recorded. It has been taken once at Merida-^ (5,100 feet) and 

 once at Caracas,^ both in Venezuela; once at El Pilar-^ on the coast of 

 Venezuela; twice in the Orinoco region,'/ and once on Mount Roraima^^ 

 in British Guiana, where its eastern winter range is carried to 60^ 

 west longitude. 



To the west a redstart was taken Februar}^ 21, 1883, at Miraflores,^ 

 Lower California. This must have been an accidental occurrence, 

 however, for the parties of the Biological Survey have never observed 

 the species in western Mexico, though the}^ found it abundant through 

 the winter in eastern Puebla, southern Vera Cruz, Tabasco, Campeche, 

 and Yucatan. It was not seen by them in Oaxaca, Chiapas, or an}^- 

 where on the Pacific slope, though in migration it has been taken at 

 Santa Efigenia, Oaxaca, the City of Mexico, and as far west as the city 

 of San Luis Potosi. All the winter birds were seen below 1,000 feet 

 altitude. In migration, hoAvever, a few range to about 7,500 feet. 

 The low winter range ma}^ perhaps be due to the fact that the higher 

 lands of Mexico from 1,300 feet up are occupied by several closely 

 related resident species, for in the Rock}^ Mountains of Colorado the 

 redstart breeds at heights ranging from 5,000 to 8,000 feet. 



In Guatemala the American redstart has a wider altitudinal range 

 than in Mexico, and is found throughout the country from the Pacific 

 coast to at least 6,000 feet altitude in the interior. It is one of the few 

 United States warblers that have been recorded in Salvador. It is a 

 common winter resident on the east coast of Nicaragua,^" and equally 

 common in Costa Rica^' to at least 1,100 feet. In Panama its range is 

 about the same. 



Sjjrlng migration. — The records of spring migration of the redstart 

 in Florida are scattering and contradictor}^ It is therefore necessary 

 to consider the North Carolina records before enough data can be 

 obtained to determine definitely the date of arrival of the species from 



«Sclater, P. Z. S., p. Ill, 1854; Ann. & Mag. N. H., XYI, 281, 1855. 

 ^Berlepsch & Taczanowski, P. Z. S., p. 541, 1883. 

 <;Goodfellow, Ibis, p. 315, 1901. 

 <?Sclater & Salvin, P. Z. S., p. 780, 1870. 

 ^ Ernst, Flora and Fauna Venez, p. 301, 1877. 

 /Allen, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., IV, p. 51, 1892. 

 H Berlepsch & Hartert, Novit. ZooL, IX, 11, 1902. 



'i Salvin, Ibis, p. 203, 1885. Cabanis, Schomb. Reis. Guiana, III, p. 667, 1848. 

 Quelch, Timehri, X, p. 262, 1896. 



^Belding, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., YI, p. 350, 1883. 



J Richmond, Proc. IJ. S. Nat. Mus., XVI, p. 485, 1893. 



^Underwood, Ibis, p. 434, 1896. 



