INTRODUCTION. 15 



ever, as this word has a different usage in biology, it can not be employed 

 with another meaning. It is therefore changed to homoeotype ( = similar 

 type). 



Thomas, a in regard to this term (homotype), says that it "might 

 suitably be employed for any specimens that had been compared with 

 the type. " The term is a very useful one, and large museums now have 

 abundant opportunities to mark such material. The writer, therefore, 

 will define it as follows: 



A homceotype is any supplementary specimen that has been carefully 

 compared with the primary types by any worker of recognized standing 

 in the ciass of organisms to which the material belongs. 



Ideotype (new). — Dr. S. S. Buckman has called attention to other 

 typical specimens which he calls ideotypes. These are the specimens 

 from any place except the original locality, named by an author of a 

 species after publication. When similar specimens are from the orig- 

 inal locality they are metatypes. 



TYPE DRAWINGS. 



Protograph (new). — Buckman suggests this term for the original 

 figure or figures illustrating a holotype. The original description is the 

 protolog. 



Synthetograph (new). — Authors occasionally base a new species 

 upon several specimens, illustrating the form by a drawing which subse- 

 quent authors assume to be based on a single individual, but which in 

 reality is a composite figure. Buckman b states: "Notice may be taken 

 of the cases wherein a figure has been made from a combination of two 

 specimens. This practice would easily lead to a nonidentification of 'the 

 types unless the facts had been carefully noted. It is an undesirable 

 practice. ' ' 



When no type is selected by the original author, it has become the 

 custom for subsequent workers to accept as the holotype the specimen 

 which had been delineated, the delineation being the protograph. But 

 when it happens that the delineation has been drawn from more than 

 one specimen, such a composite figure should be distinguished as a 

 Synthetograph; and the specimens from which the figure was made 

 become cotypes. The term is applicable only to the illustration. The 

 making of such drawings to-day is rare, but in the earlier days of 

 paleontology this was not the case. The practice is to be condemned, 

 but a term is needed for such drawings as have been made. 



REPRODUCTIONS OF TYPE SPECIMENS. 



In 1897 Schuchert proposed the term peastoType for any artificial 

 specimen molded directly from a primary type. There are many speci- 

 mens of this kind in existence, cast directly from primary or secondary 



a Science, Sept. 24, 1897, p. 486. b Proc. Cotteswold Nat. Field Club, XIII, 1899, p. 134. 



