Photograph by Henry Ruschin 



A GERMAN ARMY FIELD BAKERY 



the part of the uninformed and by a wave 

 of skepticism at the hands of the scien- 

 tific world. The president of an agricul- 

 tural society offered to furnish him a 

 drove of 50 sheep, half of which were 

 first to be inoculated with the cultivated 

 virus, and later the whole flock was to be 

 inoculated with the uncultivated variety. 

 They were then to be kept together in 

 one pen under precisely the same condi- 

 tions. If the vaccinated sheep remained 

 healthy and the unvaccinated ones died 

 of anthrax, it was to be accepted that 

 Pasteur had proved his case. 



The challenge was accepted, two goats 

 being substituted for two of the sheep, 

 and ten cattle being added. On May 5, 

 1881, the preventive inoculation of half 

 of the sheep was undertaken, and was 

 repeated on May 17. On May 31 all sixty 

 of the animals were inoculated with un- 

 cultivated germs. 



Two days later a vast crowd, com- 

 posed of veterinary surgeons, newspaper 

 correspondents, farmers, and scientific 

 men, gathered to witness the closing 

 scene of this remarkable test. And they 

 saw one of the most dramatic spectacles 



in the history of peaceful science. Every 

 animal that had not been vaccinated with 

 the anthrax-preventing virus was either 

 dead, dying, or in the last stages of the 

 disease, while not a single one of those 

 which had been vaccinated had con- 

 tracted the malady. In the course of a 

 few hours every infected animal in the 

 compound was dead, while every one 

 that had been vaccinated was in perfect 

 health. 



This discovery soon released Europe 

 from the thraldom of the epidemic of 

 anthrax, and it laid the foundation for 

 preventive medicine as applied to domes- 

 tic animals so firmly as to insure man- 

 kind against the conquest of his animal 

 food supply by the microscopic creature 

 that cause such epidemics as anthrax 

 cholera, and the foot-and-mouth disease. 



TEACHING PEOPLE HOW TO FARM 



The great need of the world in the 

 future is not so much more acreage to 

 cultivate as a better handling of the acre- 

 age already under cultivation. While it 

 is estimated that the total area now actu- 

 ally used in growing crops amounts to 



97 



