h from Frederick Simpich 



TURKISH SOLDIERS OF BAGDAD 



Note the strange head-dress of these soldiers. This "keffeya" is designated to protect the 

 men from the fierce heat of the desert 



quarters, the subduer of nine armies in 

 one year, when those armies he over- 

 came, and their kings he bound and 

 brought before Enlil, in that day Libet- 

 ili, his son, patesi of Marad, built the 

 temple of Lugal - Marada in Marad. 

 Whoever alters this inscribed stone may 

 the god Shamash and Lugal-Marada tear 

 out his estate and extermine his seed for- 

 ever." 



A THOUSAND SITES UNOPENED 



Future maps of Babylonia will include 

 the site of Wana-Sedoum, with its an- 

 cient name, Marad. The city is almost 

 due west of Nippur, on the Euphrates, 

 and a little south of west of Daghara. 

 While many of the ancient sites of Baby- 

 lonia have been identified, as Sippar, 

 Babylon, Nippur, Erech, Larsa, Ur, La- 

 gash, etc., and have been partially exca- 

 vated, hundreds in Babylonia and thou- 

 sands in western Asia, with their ruin- 

 hills practically untouched, retain their 

 names as well as their secrets. 



Babylonia is covered with mounds of 

 debris, the accumulations of millenniums. 

 Mesopotamia, the ancestral home of the 

 patriarchs, is completely dotted with these 

 tells. And when we read in the historical 

 inscriptions of the hundreds of sites 

 which have not been identified, it is im- 

 possible even to surmise what marvelous 

 revelations are in store when these ruin- 

 hills are opened by the pick and spade. 



Not long ago the Hittites were only 

 known to us from the Old Testament. 

 Now we know a mighty nation of Asia 

 Minor sufficiently powerful to invade 

 Babylonia a little later, 2000 B. C, and 

 to be able to force Egypt later on, in the 

 time of Rameses II, to make an inglori- 

 ous treaty with them. 



Not long ago Boghaskuei, one of its 

 ancient capitals, with its ancient records 

 written in cuneiform, was discovered (see 

 National Geographic Magazine, Feb- 

 ruary, 1910). Other sites are being ex- 

 cavated, and as a result the science of 

 Hittitology is gradually being developed. 



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