100 PISCES CLASS I 



Family 13. Gonorhynchidae. 



Premaxilla smaller than maxilla, hut excluding latter from margin of upper jaw. 

 No adipose dorsal Jin. N'o air bladder. Scales deeply overlapping, fringed behind 

 with short spines. Cretaceous to Recent. 



Charitosomus, W. v. d. Marck. Upper Cretaceous ; Westphalia and 

 Lebanon. 



Notogoneus, Cope (Sphenolepis, Ag.). Freshwater Eocene (Green Eiver 

 Shales); Wyoming, U.S.A. Upper Eocene; France and Germany. 



Family 14. Oheirothricidae. Smith Woodward. 



Scopeloids with enormously enlarged pelvic fins. Abdominal vertebrae with trans- 

 verse processes. Cretaceous. . 



Cheirothrix, Pictet and Humbert [Megapus, Schliiter ; Megistopus, Landois). 

 Branchiostegal rays very large, eight or nine in number. Pectoral fins compara- 

 tively small and delicate, with only one ray considerably elongated ; the enlarged 

 pelvic fins close to the pectorals, with about seventeen rays ; dorsal fin deep, 

 arising immediately behind the head ; anal fin small ; caudal fin forked. C. 

 libanicus, P. and H., from Upper Cretaceous, Mount Lebanon. C. guestphaliciis, 

 Schliiter sp., from Westphalia. 



Family 15. Esocidae. Pikes. 



Trunk elongated, with large cycloid scales. Premaxilla and maxilla entering 

 upper border of mouth. Premaxilla, mandible, palatine, and vomer with stout, 

 pointed teeth ; maxilla toothless. Dorsal fin remote. Miocene to Recent. 



Fine specimens referable to the existing genus Esox, Cuv., occur at 

 Oeningen and in other Miocene freshwater formations in Europe. 



Family 16. Cyprinodontidae. Toothed carpa 



Small freshwater fishes with cycloid scales. Premaxilla excluding maxilla from 

 xipper margin of mouth; no barbels. Margin of 

 jaws and pharyngeal bones with pointed teeth. JS'o 

 anterior vertebrae fused together. N'o adipose dorsal 

 fin. Tertiary and Recent. 



Of the genera of this ia,n\ily,Prolehias, Sauvage, 

 i^hia< ««,vew, Ag.' ^'Litorineiia-ciay ; allied to Lebias, Cuv. (Fig. 176), is remarkably com- 

 Fran'kfurt-a.-M. Nat. size. mon in the Oligocene and Miocene of Europe. 



Family 17. Cyprinidae. Carps. 



Freshwater fishes with cycloid scales. Premaxilla excluding maxilla from upper 

 margin of month ; barbels present or absent. Mouth toothless, but lower pharyngeals 

 falciform ami hearing one to three rows of hollow j^rehensile teeth. Usually only three 

 IraHchiosfegal rays. Anterior vertebrae fused together, and air bladder connected 

 with organ of hearing hy a chain of ossicles. Upper Tertiary and Recent. 



The Cyprinoids are numerous in the fresh- waters of the Old World and 



