264 



AVES 



CLASS IV 



the Hesperoniithes, Ichthi/ornithes, and Impennes have been reduced to a lower 

 grade than that assigned them in his system, as has been done by Fiirbringer 

 and others. These divisions, which correspond in a great measure to the sub- 

 orders of Fiirbringer, are larger than those usually considered as orders, and 



often comprise some very 

 diverse forms. An alterna- 

 tive is to treat each group 

 separately, which gives from 

 twenty to forty divisions, 

 variously designated as 

 families, sub-orders, or orders. 



6- 



Sub-Class 1. 

 SAURURAE.' 



Tail feathers arranged in 

 pairs on either side of the elon- 

 ijate caudal vertebrae. Sternurii 

 rudimentary ; dorsal ribs with- 

 out uncinate processes ; cervical 

 ribs free; vertebrae amphicoelous. 

 Pelvic elements separate, as are 

 also the metacarpals; digits 

 daioed. 



Order 1. 

 ARCHAEORNITHES. 



Skull tjipically bird - like, 

 provided with a series of conical, 

 socketed teeth along the onargin 

 of the upper and lower jaws. 

 Vertebrae amphicoelous, aoid the 

 lizard-like tail longer than the 

 presacrcd portion of the column. 

 Remiges and rectrices, with their 

 coverts, well developed. Upper 

 Jura. 



Archaeopteryx, von Meyer 

 {Gryphosaurus, Wagner), (Fig. 

 367). This unique and in 

 many respects remarkable genus is known by two nearly complete skeletons 

 from the Lithographic Stone of Bavaria, one of which is preserved in the 



■* Dames. W., Ueber Archaeopteryx (Palaeont. Abhaudl. Dames und Kayser, vol. II. p. 119), 

 1884. — Ueber Brustbeiii, Schiilter- uud Beckeugiirtel der Archaeopteryx (Sitzungsber. preuss. Akad. 

 Wissensch. vol. XXXVIII. ji. S18), 1897.— Ow-ew, K., On the Archaeopteryx of von Meyer (Phil. 

 Traus. vol. CLIII. p. 33), im-S.—Pycraft, W. P., The Wing of Areliaeopteryx (Nat. Sci. vol. VIII. 

 p. 261), imQ.Seeleij, H. &'., Professor C. Vogt on Archaeoptervx (Geol. Mag. [2], vol. VIII. p. 454), 

 1881.— Fo«7<, C, Sur I'Archaeopteryx macrura (Revne Scient. [2], vol. XXIII. p. 241), 187?. 



K.Sili.qe:. 



Fig. 307. 



Archttcojitt I ii.i iKiiiiiirupliica, v. Meyer. I.iUiogniphic Stone; 

 EiclisUidt, Bavaria. -/■;. f;, Carpal ; cl, Fiucula ; oo, Coracoid ; Ji, 

 Humerus; r, Radius; sc, Scapula; n, Ulna. Original in Berlin 

 Museum (from Steinniann and I)(iderlein). 



