74 THE HAWKS AND OWLS OF THE UNITED STATES. 



the lowest order. (Appendix JJ Aun. llept. oi' the Chief of Engineers 

 U. S. A. for 1876, pp. 263, 264.) 



The following' by Mr. Robert Ridgway relates to the food of this hawk 

 in Utah : " We found it [the nest] so filled with the accumulated remains 

 of animals carried to the young that scarcely any depression was notice- 

 able on rhe top, the decomposing rubbish consisting of bones and other 

 remnants of small hares (Lep&s artemisia), ground squirrels (Spermo- 

 phihis lateralis, 8. harrisi, and Tamias quadrivittatus), and, strange to 

 say, a full-grown young Sparrow Hawk (Falco sparverius). * * * 

 In one of these nests, found July 2, was a single young one, which, 

 although yet covered with snow-white cottony down, was savagely 

 tearing at a dead weasel which had been carried to the nest by the old 

 birds, both of which were killed; * * * the food of this Hawk is 

 by no means confined to small mammals and birds, but during the 

 flights of the grasshoppers, which so often devastate the fields of Utah 

 and other portions of the West, they keep continually gorged on these 

 insects ; and at one season we found them living chiefly on the large 

 cricket so common in Salt Lake Valley. On the 31st of May, 1869, at 

 Salt Lake City, we noticed a number of these hawks on the ground, where 

 they remained most of the time quiet, but every now and then they 

 would raise their wings and hop briskly in pursuit of some object, which 

 at the distance, we could not distinguish. Cautiously approaching 

 them, four were shot during the forenoon ; they would not allow us to 

 walk to within gunshot, but after flying for a few minutes would some- 

 times return toward us, and, passing by, give us a fair opportunity for 

 wingshots. Upon dissection, the stomachs of these specimens were found 

 to be filled entirely with the large crickets mentioned above." (U. S. 

 Geol. Explor. of the 40th Paral., King, vol. IV, 1877, pp. 585-587.) 



Mr. E. W. Nelson, speaking of the food of this hawk in Alaska, says: 

 a He [Dr. Hall] found the bones of rabbits, squirrels, mice, and ducks, 

 and even part of a white-fish, in the vicinity of their nests, showing that 

 they are ready to prey upon anything that falls in their way." (Rept. 

 Nat. Hist. Collections in Alaska, 1887, p. 142.) 



Dr. Coues gives the following information on the food: "The quarry 

 of Swainson's buzzard is of a very humble nature. I never saw one 

 stoop upon a water-fowl or grouse, and though they probably strike 

 rabbits, like the red-tails, their prey is ordinarily nothing larger than 

 gophers. * * * I scarcely think they are smart enough to catch 

 birds very often. I saw one make the attempt on a lark-bunting. 

 * * * But 1 question whether, after all, insects do not furnish their 

 principal subsistence. Those I shot after midsummer all had their 

 craws stuffed with grasshoppers." (Amer. Nat., vol. viii, 1874, p. 285, 

 286.) 



The benefit it does to the farmer by destroying vast numbers of 

 gophers probably does not exceed that which it does in clearing hist 

 fields of noxious insects, notably grasshoppers and crickets. 



