LONG-EARED OWL. 141 



This Owl is preeminently a monser, but it also destroys some insects 

 and probably small batrachians and reptiles. 



In April, 1888, at Munson Hill, Va., a thickly wooded country about 

 8 miles from the city of Washington, the writer collected some fifty or 

 more pellets under a tree where one of these Owls had roosted all winter. 

 From this mass were gleaned 176 skulls or parts of skulls, representing 

 the following species : 95 meadow mice (Arvicola riparius) ; 19 pine mice 

 (A. pinetorum)) 15 house mice (Mus musculus); 5 white-footed mice 

 (Sitomys americanus) ; 3 Cooper's mice (tSynaptomys cooper i); 23 little 

 short tailed shrews (Blarina exilipes) ; 3 short- tailed shrews (B. brevi- 

 cauda earolinensis) ; and 13 birds, of which 11 were sparrows, 1 a blue- 

 bird, and the other a warbler. It might be stated in this connection that 

 the remains of Cooper's mice found on this occasion was the first inti- 

 mation that the species occurred anywhere in the vicinity. 



The following species of mammals and birds were positively identified 

 among the stomach contents : 



MAMMALS. BIRDS. 



Perognathus penicillatus. Spinus tristis. 



Mus musculus. Spizella monticola. 



Sitomys americanus, Junco hyemalis. 



Evotomys gapperi. Melospiza georgiana. 



Arvicola riparius. Melospiza fasciata. 



Arvicola pinetorum. Dendroica coronata. 



Synaptomys cooperi. Begulus satrapa. 



Blarina I), earolinensis. Turdus stvainsoni, 



Blarina exilipes. Sialia sialis. 

 Sorex. 



The Long-eared Owl breeds in suitable localities throughout its 

 range. Its nest is usually a remodeled nest of some bird or mammal, 

 more often of the hawk, crow, magpie, and heron, and occasionally 

 that of the squirrel. The remodeling commonly consists in making 

 the top more or less even and in the addition of a few evergreen twigs, 

 leaves, or feathers as a lining. The situation, of course, varies; some 

 nests are in high trees, others in low trees and bushes, while a few 

 have been found on the ground. But one instance of this species nest- 

 ing in hollow trees has come to our knowledge, and this is related by 

 Capt. Bendire as occurring at Fort Lapwai, Idaho, and is as follows : 



"Two pairs of birds took up their quarters in an old Magpie's nest, 

 and two others in hollow cottonwood trees. In one of the last cases a 

 Ked-shafted Flicker had excavated a hole directly over the one occu- 

 pied by the Owls, and the two entrance holes, although on different 

 sides of the stump, which was only about twelve feet high, were not 

 over two feet apart. These birds seemed to live harmoniously together.' 7 

 (Ornithologist and Oologist, vol. VI, 1882, p. 81.) 



Like many other birds of prey its nesting habits have been modified 

 in some parts of the West by the absence of trees, for in many places it 



