CONIFEROUS TREES ATTACKED. 



23 



THE YEW FAMILY (tAXACE^e). 



Four arborescent species of this family occur in the United States, 

 and three of them are known to be attacked by sapsuckers. These 

 trees are little used for ornament, and as yet we have no evidence 

 that sapsucker attacks have weakened or killed any of them. 



LIST OP TAXACE.E ATTACKED. 



Florida yew (Taxus floridana) . — Bristol, Fla. (A. A. and A. M. 

 411). 



Stinking cedar (Tumion taxifolium). — River Junction, Fla. 

 (A. A. and A.M. 414.) 



California nutmeg (Tumion calif ornicum) . — California (A. A. 

 and A. M. 413). 



the cone-bearing trees (pinace^:). 



This large and important family of trees includes many of the 

 finest ornamental forms. Almost half of the total number of native 

 species, as well as several introduced forms, are known to be attacked 

 by sapsuckers. The following table shows the number of indigenous 

 species in each genus of the family and the number subject to at- 

 tack by sapsuckers. There is little doubt that all are punctured 

 at times. 



Pinacese attached by sapsuckers. 



Genus. 



Number 

 of native 

 species. 



Number 

 of these 

 attacked. 



Introduced 



species 

 attacked. 





36 

 3 

 8 

 4 

 2 



10 

 2 

 2 



2 

 5 

 3 



12 



16 

 

 3 

 3 

 1 

 5 

 2 

 1 

 1 



3 

 1 

 5 



2 





1 





1 





































































90 



42 



4 



Several of the species attacked are known to have been seriously 

 injured or killed, including 6 native and 2 introduced pines, 2 native 

 and 1 introduced spruce, 2 native hemlocks, 2 firs, and 1 juniper. 



For Butler's testimony concerning injuries to pines see pages 20-21. 

 Steere makes a more serious charge, saying the bird "injures and 

 oftentimes kills the pines, making so many holes that the trees bleed 

 to death" (Annapohs, Md., Aug. 24, 1885). 



