CONIFEROUS TREES ATTACKED. 25 



Jersey, states that many young trees of this species in Lee County, 

 Fla., have been killed by sapsuckers. The long-leaf pine is attacked 

 throughout its range. 



Pitch pine (Pinus rigida). — Many trees of this species in the 

 vicinity of Washington, D. C, show abundant evidence of sapsucker 

 attack. A specimen from Delslow, W. Va. (H. 6653), is from a tree 

 which was killed by yellow-bellied sapsuckers (PL V, fig. 6). The 

 sapsucker pecks are in vertical rows and are so numerous and closely 

 placed that nearly half the bark is removed. Pitch pines in Rockfish 

 Valley, Va., also are attacked. 



Pond pine (Pinus serotina). — Santee Club, South Carolina. 



Short-leaf pine (Pinus echinata). — Hopkins states that young 

 trees are injured or killed by sapsuckers. Specimens collected near 

 Seven Locks, Montgomery County, Md., show that sapsucker injuries 

 are sometimes followed by an attack of the fungus Peridermium cere- 

 brum, causing large gall-like outgrowths which greatly disfigure the 

 trees. 



Spruce pine (Pinus glabra). — Santee River, S. C. (A. M. 472). 



Scrub pine (Pinus virginiana) . — The statement regarding fungus 

 attack in echinata applies also to this species, which we know to be 

 punctured by sapsuckers at Morgantown, W. Va. (H.), and in the 

 vicinity of the District of Columbia. A dead tree on Plummers Island, 

 Md., showed a band 8 to 10 inches wide of closely set punctures, and 

 in other parts of the tree vertical strips of the bark had been removed. 

 Death may well have been due to the sapsucker injuries. 



Table-mountain pine (Pinus pungens). — Fairfax County, Va. 



Austrian pine (Pinus laricio austriaca). — This species is widely 

 used for ornamental planting in the United States. It is often dis- 

 figured or even killed by the yellow-bellied sapsucker. Widmann 

 (see Bendire) says it is the bird's "favorite tree among our orna- 

 mental evergreens. . . . The exudations of resin, the secondary 

 result of the sapsucker's labors, mar the appearance of the trees by 

 running down their sides or hardening into unsightly lumps." Clif- 

 ford states that the sapsuckers ' ' do great damage to the . . . Aus- 

 trian pines, sometimes girdling them so as to kill them," and Purdy 

 notes that tins species is one of the sapsucker's preferred food trees. 

 An Austrian pine in the Department of Agriculture grounds bears 

 considerable sapsucker work. Some of the pits are exceptionally 

 large, and many are arranged in vertical rows. Dr. A. K. Fisher 

 says that one of 7 or 8 Austrian pines at his old home in Ossining, 

 N. Y., was favored by sapsuckers and worked upon extensively 

 every fall. 



Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) . — This tree is occasionally planted 

 for ornament and suffers from sapsuckers almost as severely as the 

 Austrian pine. Widmann (see Bendire) says the Scotch pine is the 



