26 WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 



bird's second choice among our ornamental evergreens. The trunks 

 and larger limbs . . . look very badly at times." Purdy notes that 

 the Scotch pine is a favorite with the sapsuckers, and Clifford states 

 that the birds sometimes kill it. 



European larch (Larix decidua) . — Massachusetts, Kennard. 



Norway spruce (Picea excelsa). — This tree is extensively planted 

 for ornamental purposes. According to Elliott, the sapsucker "in 

 its fondness for cambium often removes considerable fresh bark. I 

 have seen several fine Norway spruces ruined in this way." 



Red spruce (Picea rubens). — Randolph County, W. Va. (F. 

 74878); Davis, W. Va. (H. 6626b). 



Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanni). — Sandpoint, Idaho (H. 

 195a). 



Weeping spruce (Picea breweriana) . — Northern California (A. M. 

 457). 



Tideland spruce (Picea sitchensis). — Push, Oreg. (H. 121a). 



Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis).- — This graceful and stately 

 tree, a gem among ornamental conifers, is not spared by sapsuckers. 

 Allen says : "In Vermont where I have observed S. varius [the yellow- 

 bellied sapsucker] in abundance, no trees were so extensively per- 

 forated as the hemlock." Bendire says the sapsucker "is partial to 

 the . . . hemlock;" and Hopkins notes that the bird injures or 

 kills young trees. (Specimens from Allegheny Mountains, W. Va.) 



Southern hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana). — South Carolina (A. M. 

 454); Habersham County, Ga., December 18, 1909 (F.). 



Western hemlock (Tsuga heteropliylla) . — Detroit, Oreg., June 2, 

 1899 (H.); Hoquiam, Wash. (II. 2167a) (see PI. VIII, fig. 3). 



Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga mucronata). — St. Helena, Oreg. (H. 

 116a). 



White rrR (Abies concolor). — Oregon (A. M. 444); San Bernar- 

 dino Mountains, Cal. Grinnell. 



White fir (Abies grandis). — Oregon (A. M. 446); McCloud, Cal. 

 (H. 21). 



White fir (Abies amabilis). — Oregon (A. M. 447). 



Red fir (Abies magnifica). — California (A. M. 441). 



Red fir (Abies nobilis). — Oregon (A. M. 442). 



Big tree (Sequoia washingtoniana) . — Near Grant National Park, 

 Cal. (A. A. and A. M., 438). 



Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) . — Eureka, Cal. (H.). 



Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum). — Boardman, N. C, March 

 25 and April 3, 1904 (H.); Cottonport, La., Longbridge, La. 



Incense cedar (Ileyderia decurrens). — Oregon (H.). 



Canoe cedar (Thuja plicata). — Washington. May 3, 1899 (H.). 



Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa). — Monterey, Cal. 

 (A. M. 432). 



