POPLARS AND WILLOWS ATTACKED. 27 



Gowen cypress (Cupressus goveniana) . — California (A. M., 430). 



Macnab cypress (Cupressus macnabiana). — Lake County, Cal. 

 (A. M. 429). 



White cedar (CTiamsecyparis ihyoides). — Dismal Swamp, Va. 

 November 21, 1901 (H.); Atsion, N. J. (A. M. 428). 



Desert juniper (Juniperus utahensis). — Utah (A. A. and A. M. 

 422). 



Western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) . — California (A. M. 420). 



Rock cedar (Juniperus mexicana). — Austin, Tex. (A. M. 418.) 



Northern red cedar (Juniperus virginiana). — This species is 

 commonly attacked by sapsuckers. Mr. J. M. Thompson states that 

 it is one of the bird's principal food trees, and Mr. F. K. Steere says 

 it is often badly hurt by the sapsucker (letter from Annapolis, Md., 

 Aug. 24, 1885). Of 40 red cedar trees on a part of Plummers 

 Island, Md., 19 are covered with closely set sapsucker punctures. 

 Specimens from Florida (A. M. 417); Kanawha Station, W. Va. 

 September 28, 1903 (H.); and Illinois (F. 26487) show abundant 

 sapsucker work. 



Southern red cedar (Juniperus barbadensis) . — Jacksonville, Fla. 

 (A. M. 416). 



the poplars and willows (salicace^e). 



There are 15 native species of poplar in the United States, 8 of 

 winch, besides 1 introduced tree, are known to be attacked by sap- 

 suckers. The only instance of serious injury to poplars that has 

 come to notice was communicated verbally by Prof. Cooke of the 

 Biological Survey. He states that in northern Minnesota, where the 

 yellow-bellied sapsucker is common in summer, it kills many large 

 poplar trees in the forests. 



Willows are often seriously injured. Hopkins says the sapsucker 

 injures or kills young trees, and specimens of small willows (PI. V, 

 fig. 5) collected by him in the Black Hills, S. Dak., September 3, 1901, 

 show almost complete barking. Grinnell reports that sapsuckers 

 kill many white willows (Salix lasiolepis). Fifteen of the 26 native 

 arborescent "willows are known to be attacked. 



The injury to willows and poplars by sapsuckers is unfortunate, 

 since these trees are valuable for shade, for ornament, and forprotect- 

 ing the banks of water courses. 



LIST OP SALICACE^E ATTACKED. 



Silver poplar (Populus alba). — Washington, D. C, April 26, 1903 

 (II.); Albany, N. Y., Hough; Racine, Wis., Hoy, 1865. 



Swamp poplar (Populus lieterophylla) . — Louisiana or Alabama 

 (A. A. and A.M. 378). 



