28 WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 



Black cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) . — Seattle, Wash. (A. A. 

 and A. M. 373). 



Balm of Gilead (Populus candicans). — New Hampshire (A. A. 

 and A. M. 377). 



Cottonwood (Populus acuminata). — Nebraska (A. M. 374). 



Tacmahac (Populus balsamifera) . — Essex County, N. Y. (A. A. and 

 A. M. 376); Lewis County, N. Y. (Hough). 



Carolina poplar (Populus deltoides). — Texas (A. M. 372); Venice, 

 La. 



Aspen (Populus grandidentata) . — Eawdon, Nova Scotia (A. M. 379). 



Aspen (Populus tremuloides) . — Mackenzie Valley, Canada (E. A. 

 Preble). 



Black willow (Salix nigra). — Belle Isle, La. 



Ward willow (Salix longipes). — St. Louis, Mo. (A. A. and A. M. 

 368). 



California black willow (Salix Isevigata). — California (A. A. 

 and A. M. 366). 



Willow (Salix toumeyi). — Santa Catalina Mountains, Ariz. (A. A. 

 and A.M. 365). 



Peach-leaved willow (Salix amygdaloides) . — New Mexico (A. A. 

 and A. M. 367). 



Western black willow (Salix lasiandra). — California (A. A. and 

 A.M. 362 and A.M. 364). 



Sandbar willow (Salix interior). — New Orleans, La. (A. M. 360). 



Silver-leaved willow (Salix sessilifolia) . — California (A. A. and 

 A. M. 359). 



Willow (Salix missouriensis) . — Furness, Nebr. (A. M. 356). 



White willow (Salix lasiolepis). — California (A. A. and A. M. 

 357). According to Britton, the name Salix bigelovii is a synonym of 

 S. lasiolepis. Hence the following note is incorporated here (see 

 PI. VI) : 



Near Bluff Lake [Cat.] a species of willow (Salix bigelovii) grows in good-sized 

 clumps . . . and these willows seem to offer special attraction to the sapsnckers. 

 But curiously enough the attentions of the birds are confined to a single clump in a 

 locality. . . . The incisions in the bark were generally rectangular, the long axis 

 horizontal, and in vertical rows. These up-and-down rows of incisions often ran 

 together, making vertical grooves, and sometimes also the rows were so close together 

 as to obliterate the interval, so that the bark was completely gone over a considerable 

 space The trunk above this zone of attack was always partly or entirely dead. . . . 

 This single willow clump . . . was rendered conspicuous by all its upper branches 

 and stalks, above 2 to 4 feet from the ground, being dead, with the bark weathered 

 off and the stems left bare and shining. (Grinnell, 1908.) 



Willow (Salix liookeriana) . — Oregon (A. A. and A. M. 353). 

 Yew-leaved willow (Salix taxifolia). — Swisshelm Mountains, 

 Ariz. (A. A. and A. M. 358 and A. M. 361). 



Satin willow (Salix sitchensis) .— California (A. A. and A. M. 352). 



