hornbeams and hickories attacked. 



31 



Specimens from Butler County, Mo. (F. 72438), and Abbeville, 

 La., show profuse sapsucker work, including large swollen girdles. 

 A tree only an inch in diameter, on Plummers Island, Md., had been 

 attacked by sapsuckers. 



Woolly pignut (Hicoria villosa). — Huntsville, Ala. (A. A. and 

 A. M. 385). 



THE HORNBEAMS, BIRCHES, AND ALDERS (BETULACE^). 



Ten of the 26 native arborescent species of this family, besides 1 

 introduced tree, are known to be attacked by sapsuckers. They are 

 tabulated by genera below: 



Genus. 



Number 

 of native 

 species. 



Native 



species 



attacked. 



Introduced 



species 

 attacked. 





1 

 2 



14 

 8 



1 

 2 

 

 5 

 2 



1 





























26 



10 



1 



Two of the hornbeams and two hop hornbeams are much disfigured 

 by sapsuckers, and at least two species of birches are frequently 

 killed. Trees like the hornbeams with smooth close bark, and birches, 

 which are prized for the beauty of their silvery white trunks, lose 

 much of their ornamental value when disfigured by abundant sap- 

 sucker puncturing. Birches in particular are among the most valu- 

 able ornamental trees, and the fact that they are often killed by sap- 

 suckers weighs heavily against the birds. 



LIST OF BETULACE.E ATTACKED. 



Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana) . — This tree when attacked is 

 generally severely blemished (fig. 6). One in the Agricultural Depart- 

 ment grounds is disfigured by a great many girdles, some of which are 

 considerably swollen. In the vicinity of Gainesville, Fla., horn- 

 beams are plentifully punctured, and at Abbeville, La., most of the 

 hornbeams in the woods bore abundant sapsucker work. Specimens 

 examined from Illinois (F. 26482), Morgantown, W. Va. (H.), and 

 southern Arkansas (A. A. 351) are profusely punctured. 



European hornbeam (Carpinus betula). — Department of Agricul- 

 ture grounds, District of Columbia. 



Hop hornbeam (Ostrya virginiana). — Morgantown, W. Va. (H.); 

 Massachusetts (A. A. and A. M. 350). 



Hop hornbeam (Ostrya Jcnowltoni) . — Talfrey, Ariz. (A. A. and 

 A. M. 349). 



