CHESTNUTS AND OAKS ATTACKED. 33 



commonly attacked in western Maine, and Horsford states: "I have 

 seen the yellow birch destroyed . . . branches of the tree cut off, 

 shriveled branches struggling for life, but dying." 



Alder (Alnus incana). — A. A. 340; western Maine, William 

 Brewster. 



White alder (Alnus rhombifolia) . — San Bernardino Mountains, 

 Cal., Grinnell. 



THE BEECHES, CHESTNUTS, AND OAKS (FAGACE2E). 



Thirty-four of the 68 native arborescent species of this important 

 family of trees and 2 introduced forms are known to be attacked by 

 sapsuckers. Usually the injury does not seem to affect the vigor of 

 oaks, and we know of few instances of the external appearance of the 

 trees being altered for the worse. A sample of a dying live oak, sent 

 to the Bureau of Entomology from Glen Rose, Tex., shows no injury 

 except by sapsuckers, and Bolles implies that red oaks are sometimes 

 killed. On the whole, the evidence at hand, while showing that a 

 large number of species of this family are attacked by sapsuckers, 

 does not indicate serious injury to their appearance or health. 



LIST OF FAGACEiE ATTACKED. 



Beech (Fagus grandifolia). — Morgantown, W. Va. (H.); Rawdon, 

 Nova Scotia (A. A: and A. M. 334) ; Massachusetts, Weed and Dear- 

 born. 



Chinquapin (Castanea pumila). — Southern Arkansas (A. A. and 

 A. M. 332). 



Chestnut (Castanea dentata). — Pickens, W. Va. (II. 6687a); Town- 

 send Center, Mass. (A. M. 333); Montgomery County, Md.; Afton 

 and Rockfish Valley, Va. 



Tanbark oak (Pasania densiflora). — Hopkins. 



Red oak (Quercus rubra). — Bendire remarks that sapsuckers are 

 "partial to the . . . red oak," and Bolles says it is "drilled for suc- 

 cessive years," adding that "the forest trees attacked by them gener- 

 ally die." Five red oaks in the Department of Agriculture grounds 

 show sparing sapsucker work; many trees about Afton, Va., are 

 attacked, and a specimen from Allenton. Mo., shows that the tree is 

 visited there also (A. M. 329). 



Pin oak (Quercus palustris). — Every tree of this species over a 

 considerable area in the vicinity of Dead Run Swamp, Fairfax 

 County, Va., bears profuse marks of sapsucker attack. 



Turkey oak (Quercus catesbxi). — Florida (A. M. 322). 



Black, oak (Quercus velutina). — Abbeville, La. 



Texas oak (Quercus texana). — Abbeville, La. 

 99068°— Bull. 39—11 3 



