38 



WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 



THE PAWPAWS AND POND APPLES (aNONACE^e). 



Two genera, each represented by one arborescent species, occur 

 in the United States. One of these species, the pawpaw, is attacked 

 by sapsuckers, but, so far as known, not seriously injured. 



Pawpaw (Asimina triloba). — Arkansas (A. M. 255); Illinois (F. 

 26404); Fairfax County, Va. 



THE BAYS AND LAURELS (LAURACE^E). 



The following tabulation shows the arborescent members of this 

 family in the United States and the number of species attacked 

 by sapsuckers: 



Genus. 



Number of 

 native 

 species. 



Native 

 species 

 attacked. 



Introduced 



species 

 attacked. 





3 



1 



1 

 







1 

 1 

 

 

































7 



1 



1 



Not usually classed as arborescent, but according to Dr. A. K. Fisher it becomes a tree in Fairfax County, 



Sassafras and camphor trees are known to be killed by the birds 

 and all of the other species attacked are badly disfigured. These 

 trees are used for ornament, and sapsucker injury to them counts 

 against the bird. 



LIST OF LAURACE.E ATTACKED. 



Red bay (Persea borbonia). — Apparently all trees of this species 

 in the vicinity of the Santee Club, South Carolina, are attacked by 

 sapsuckers. Most of them are profusely punctured, and the exterior 

 of one tree was much disfigured by numerous rings of pecks which 

 had become swollen and produced gaping, knotty girdles. At 

 Gainesville, Fla., a large proportion of the red bays bore abundant 

 sapsucker work. 



Swamp red bay (Persea imhescens). — Trees of this species also 

 were vigorously attacked near the Santee Club, South Carolina. 



Sassafras (Sassafras variifolium) . — The sapsucker injures or kills 

 young trees (Hopkins). (Specimen from Monongalia County, W. 

 Va., Mar. 17, 1894. PI. XI, fig. 4.) 



California laurel (Umhellularia calij "ornica) ? — A specimen from 

 California shows evidence of severe sapsucker attack (A. A. 250). 



