42 



WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 



irregular swollen ridges covered by roughly fractured bark, but 

 showing traces of regularly placed holes (A. A. and A. M. 235). 



Hawthorns (Crataegus). — Bendire says the sapsucker is "partial 

 to the thorn apple," a statement fully justified. Out of a collection 

 of 27 trunks of thorn trees in the American Museum, 13 were punc- 

 tured. In the vicinity of Longbridge, La., practically all the haw 

 trees (Crataegus opima) were pecked by sapsuckers, many of them 

 showing swollen girdles. 



LIST OF HAWTHORNS ATTACKED BY SAPSUCKERS. 



(Crataegus crus-galli) — Marshall, Tex. (A. M. 229); (C. punctata) — 

 Georgia (A. A. 226); (C. lacrimata) — Crestview, Fla. (A. M. 212); 

 (C. opima) — Longbridge, La.; (C. berlandieri) — Columbia, Tex. 

 (A. M. 219); (C. boyntoni)—Ashevi\\e, N. C, (A. M. 215); (C. bra- 

 zoria) — Brazoria, Tex. (A. M. 224); (C. collina) — Asheville, N. C. 

 (A. A. and A. M. 225); (C. texana)— Columbia, Tex. (A. M. 218); 

 (C. mollis)— Dallas, Tex. (A, M. 220); (C. marshalli)— South Caro- 

 lina (A. M. 211); (C. monogyna) — Smithsonian grounds, District of 

 Columbia. 



THE PLUMS AND CHERRIES (AMYGDALACEJE). 



This family, like the preceding, contains species of great commer- 

 cial vaiu<} — the peach, plums, and cherries. Two species of plums 

 and one of cherry are known to be. deformed by sapsucker work, and 

 the cultivated peach and cherry are killed. Considerable damage is 

 sometimes done to orchards of these trees. 



Tabulation <</ Amygdalacea known to be attacked by sapsuckers. 



Genus. 



Number of 

 native 



species. 



X alive 

 species 



attacked. 



Introduced 



species 

 attacked. 





1 

 14 

 8 



4 



(1 





Peach, plum, and cherry 



-1 













L>7 



9 



4 



LIST OF AMYGDALACEiE ATTACKED. 



Almond (Amygdalus communis). — Penryn, Cal. (Budge tt). 

 Peach (Amygdalus persica). — Henshaw says: 



In civilized districts the injury and even destruction of fruit trees [by (he sapsucker] 

 caused by the tearing off of large pieces of bark with the apparent design of reaching 

 the tender inner bark or juices of the tree place it on the proscribed list of the fanners. 

 In southern Utah I visited peach orchards which had suffered severely from (his 



