46 WOODPECKERS IN RELATION TO TREES. 



as a result of the pecking. Specimens, from Essex County, N. Y. 

 (A. M. 110), and Illinois (F. 26494) also show sapsucker work. 



Red maple (Acer drummondi). — Cottonport, La. 



Sugar maple (Acer saccharum) .- — Ben dire states that the sap- 

 sucker "is partial to the . . . sugar maple/' and Purdy calls it one 

 of the bird's preferred food trees. Butler says: 



Choice maples are seriously damaged. ... I have counted six of these birds at 

 one time on a dozen sugar maples . . . and have seen the sap flow in a stream. 



John Brady, of Batavia, 111., testifies that the sapsucker hurts hard 

 maple trees (Sept. 29, 1885), and M. S. Giles, of Waukegan, 111., 

 reports that sapsuckers — 



destroy more shade trees — particularly hard maple and linden — than any one thing 

 that I know of. I set out hard maples on my place over 32 years ago and I have only 

 succeeded in saving them by persistently killing the sapsuckers for the past 6 or 7 

 years — for it was only as far back as that I woke to the damage that those birds were 

 doing to the trees. Twenty years ago this place was noted for the number of hard 

 maple shade trees it had ; to-day I can show you in my own immediate neighborhood 

 dozens of trees that are destroyed, or partially so, from the work of the "sapsucker" 

 [May 2, 1909]. 



Specimens from Morgantown, W. Va. (H.); Louisville, Ky., and 

 Illinois, and Iron County, Mo. (F. 26493 and 72158), also show sap- 

 sucker work. 



Black maple (Acer nigrum). — Illinois (F. 26410). 



White-barked maple (Acer leucoderme). — Boulden, Ga. (A. M. 

 113). 



Mountain maple (Acer grandidentatum) .■ — Garfield County, Utah 

 (A. M. 112). 



Box elder (Acer negundo). — Butler County, Mo. (F. 72128); 

 Fairfax County, Va. ; Longbridge, La. 



the buckeye family C^esculace.e). 



But one of the six native arborescent species is known to be 

 molested by sapsuckers and that but slightly. 



Ohio buckeye (Msculus glabra). — Indianapolis, Ind. (H. 2423a). 



THE BUCKTHORN FAMILY (RHAMN ACE M) . 



Three of the 12 arborescent species of the United States are known 

 to be attacked by sapsuckers. None are known to be injured severely, 

 though the Indian cherry and the California lilac are undoubtedly 

 disfigured. 



LIST OF RHAMNACE^E ATTACKED. 



Cascara sagrada (Rhamnus purshiana). — Seattle, Wash. (H. 

 174b). 



Indian cherry (Rhamnus caroliniana) . — Florida (A. M. 94). 

 California lilac (Ceanothus thyrsiflorus). — California (A. M. 91). 



