TREES ATTACKED BY RED-BREASTED SAPSUCKER. 51 



25, 1900, and found many branches pecked on a number of willows. 

 Mrs. Bailey (see bibliography), referring to the same instance, de- 

 scribes "lengthwise strips of bark . . . cut off, leaving fiddle- 

 strings between." (See PI. V, fig. 4.) 



Willow (species not given). — A specimen of willow collected by 

 Dr. A. K. Fisher at Tillamook, Oreg., shows almost all the bark 

 removed from a fair-sized sapling. 



THE WALNUTS (jUGLANDACE^e) . 



English walnut (Juglans regia). — The English walnut is very 

 seriously injured (Ellwood Cooper, Santa Barbara, Cal., Jan. 22, 

 1909). 



THE BIRCHES ( BETULACE.E) . 



Birch (species unknown). — Prof. F. E. L. Beal reports a white- 

 barked birch so seriously injured at Salem, Oreg., that it appeared 

 to be dying. 



THE OAKS (FAGACE^E). 



California black oak (Quercus calif ornica). — All through the 

 oak forests of the McCloud Kiver country the black oaks were badly 

 pecked (W. O. Emerson, Mar. 14, 1909). 



California, live oak (Quercus agrifolia). — C. S. Thompson. 



THE BARBERRIES (BERBERIDACE^E). 



Barberry (Berberis sp.). — C. S. Thompson. 



the sycamores (platanace^e). 

 California sycamore (Platanus racemosa). — C. S. Thompson. 



THE APPLE FAMILY (mALACE^e). 



Mountain ash (Sorbus sitchensis). — "A species of mountain ash, 

 on which none of the shoots were over 3 inches through, had been 

 riddled all over by the birds" (Ben dire). 



Mountain ash (Sorbus sp.). — Prof. F. E. L. Beal reports an 

 arborescent mountain ash so seriously injured at Salem, Oreg., that 

 it appeared to be dying. 



Pear (Pyrus communis). — The pear tree is attacked by the red- 

 breasted sapsucker (W. O. Emerson, Hay wards, Cal., Mar. 14, 1909). 

 "A pear tree 50 or more years old stands within 20 feet of our house 

 and the trunk and lower branches are covered with symmetrically 

 arranged pits" (Ernest Adams, Clipper Gap, Cal., Apr. 30, 1909). 

 At Blaine, Wash., "the sapsuckers do immense damage, especially 

 to the pear trees" (Dawson and Bowles). 



