BIBLIOGRAPHY. 55 



Only one of these gives external evidence of injury, an English walnut, 

 one limb of winch has been partly killed, and only a few are noticeably 

 disfigured. 



While there is no doubt that trees may be freely attacked by sap- 

 suckers without their lives being endangered, it is equally true that 

 many trees, including valuable orchard and ornamental specimens, 

 are seriously injured or killed by these woodpeckers. The owners 

 of such trees have every right to protect them and should be given 

 legal authority to do so. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



Allen, J. A. Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. Notes on birds 

 observed in western Iowa, etc. Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., I [1866-1869], 

 498-499, 1869. 



Bailey, Florence Merriam. Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmel.), Red-breasted Sapsucker. 

 Handbook of Birds of the Western United States, pp. 211-212, 1902. 



Belding, Lyman. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cass.), Williamson's Sapsucker. Land 

 Birds of the Pacific District. Occasional Papers of the California Acad, of Sci., 

 II, 67-68, 1890. 



Bendire, Charles. Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmelin), Red-breasted Sapsucker; Sphyra- 

 picus varius (Linnaeus), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker; Sphyrapicus varius nuchalis 

 Baird, Red-naped Sapsucker. Life Histories of N. A. Birds, II, 82-96, 1895. 



Bolles, Frank. Yellow-bellied Woodpeckers and their Uninvited Guests. Auk, 

 VIII, 256-270, 1891. 



Budgett, F. [Woodpeckers causing gum on almond trees.] Pacific Rural Press, 

 XLIX, 275, 1895. 



Burroughs, John. Signs and Seasons, p. 145, 1895. 



Butler, A. W. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.), Yellow-bellied Woodpecker. A Cata- 

 logue of the Birds of Indiana. Trans. Ind. Hort. Soc, pp. 58-59, 1890. 



Butler, A. W. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.), Yellow-bellied Sapsucker. Birds of 

 Indiana. 22nd Ann. Rep. Ind. Dept. Geol. and Nat. Resources, pp. 834-837, 

 [1897] 1898. 



Clifford, E. A. The Sapsucker Again. Prairie Farmer, XXI, 260-261, 1860. 



Cook, A. J. Food of Woodpeckers and Flycatchers. Auk, XIII, 85-86, 1896. 



Dawson, W. L., and Bowles, J. H. Northwest Sapsucker, Sphyrapicus ruber notken- 

 sis Suckow. The Birds of Washington, I, 435-437, 1909. 



Elliott, Robert. Concerning Woodpeckers. Forest and Stream, LVI, 85-86, 1901. 



Emerson, W- O. Red-breasted Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus ruber) . Fall Notes from Hay- 

 wards, California. Bull. Cooper Orn. Club, I, 28, 1899. 



[Garfield, C. W.] The Sapsucker Again. Eleventh Ann. Rep. Secy. State Hort. 

 Soc. Mich., pp. 205-206, 1881. 



Grinnell, Joseph. Sphyrapicus ruber (Gmel.). Red-breasted Sapsucker. The 

 Birds of the Pacific Slope of Los Angeles County. Pasadena Academy of Science. 

 Pub. II, 25, 1898. 



Grinnell, Joseph. Sphyrapicus thyroideus (Cassin), Williamson Sapsucker; Sphy- 

 rapicus varius daggetti Grinnell, Sierra Sapsucker. Biota of the San Bernardino 

 Mountains. Univ. Calif. Pub., Zool., V, 63-65, 1908. 



Henshaw, H. W. Sphyrapicus varius (Linn.), var. nuchalis Bd., Red-naped Wood- 

 pecker. Geog. and Geol. Expl. and Surv. W. of 100th Meridian, V, 392-393, 

 1875. 



"Hermit. " Intelligence of Wild Things. Forest and Stream, LIX, 264, 1902. 



Hopkins, A. D. Ornaments and Blemishes in Wood Caused by Insects and Birds. 

 MS. read before the Biol. Soc. of Washington, March 25, 1905. 



