32 TJie Hospital Requirements of Sydney. 



be ornamentally planted and well kept. The linen should be 

 transmitted daily to a separate establishment a short distance out 

 of town, where, after efficient and careful washing, it can be freely 

 exposed to the wind and sunshine. Much economy is gained by 

 washing with steam power, and several machines exist from which 

 selections may be made. 



In this climate, verandahs from ten to twelve feet in width 

 should extend the whole length of both sides of each floor, and 

 every facility should be afforded for getting patients into them, 

 whenever the weather is fine, for the double purpose of benefiting 

 the patients and relieving the wards. 



Outside water-closets — or what are better, earth-closets — are 

 to be provided for the patients when taking exercise in the 

 grounds. 



The mortuary should be as much as possible out of sight, and 

 removed from the wards. It should consist of three apartments : 

 reception room, examination room, and preparation room. 



The first should be fitted in a manner appropriate to the re- 

 ception of the dead, and the visits of the relatives of the deceased ; 

 the second with every convenience for post mortem examinations ; 

 the last with shelves, &c. 



It will be sufficient to enumeiate the various other offices re- 

 quired : Superintendent's office, superintendent's private rooms, 

 quarters for resident medical officers, surgical instrument and 

 splint room ; quarters for bath, porters, &c. ; board room for 

 directors, receiving and out-patients' waiting-room, dispensary 

 officers' consulting room, dispensary officers' operating room. 

 These must be designed with special reference to the duties for 

 which they are required. 



The supply of water should be pure and never failing. This 

 is one of the necessities of hospital hygiene, and nothing can com- 

 pensate for a scarcity or impurity of this vital element. 



Cold water should always be supplied at high pressure, and 

 hot-water pipes should extend throughout the establishment, and 

 be provided with taps in the wards, ward sculleries, lavatories, 

 bath rooms, operating theatre, &c. 



The daily supply of water should not be less than from forty to 

 fifty gallons per head for all purposes. 



G-as should be used in lighting every department, and the waid 

 light should be so arranged as to insure the immediate removal of 

 the products of combustion, and promote ventilation. Ihe best 

 that I have seen is that adopted at the Chorlton Hospital. 



A lift for patients should be provided in every ward building, 

 extending from the basement to the upper floor. 



Although volumes have been written upon the subject of ven, 

 tilation, and many fortunes expended in experimental schemes- 

 no system has hitherto been discovered which has in any material 



