MASSACHUSETTS— P-EEHIVE OF BUSINESS 



235 



GEOGRAPHIC PAPER MATERIAL READY EOR CONVERSION INTO PULP 



The wood from which The Geographic paper is made is first converted into chips. It 

 is then put into huge steel digesters, where, with the use of chemicals and under a high 

 steam pressure, it is converted into pulp, much as the juices of the stomach digest food. The 

 digesters are directly under these bins, and are filled by pulling a slide at the bottom of the 

 bins. Both acids and alkalis are used in converting wood into pulp. In general practice, 

 sulphurous acid is used in treating the long-leaf, coniferous woods, having the longer fibers, 

 such as spruce, hemlock, and fir, and caustic soda in treating the broad-leaf woods, such 

 as poplar and chestnut, having the shorter fibers. 



its box to hold the shape of the shoe 

 and canvas lining to protect the hose of 

 the wearer. 



It is interesting to pause in the button- 

 hole department and there watch a ma- 

 chine cutting and working buttonholes in 

 one operation, and another putting the 

 eyelets and hooks in a shoe more quickly 

 than one can tell about it. 



The next step in the journey is that 

 of joining the quarters and vamp. This 

 must be done with great care, so that 

 there is neither unevenness nor rough- 

 ness. It is the most difficult task in the 

 making of the upper of a shoe. Judg- 

 ment and care are required and much 

 strength of hand. Other minor processes 

 follow, and presently the finished upper 



fares forth to meet its sole-mate in the 

 making department. Before it goes, if 

 it be a laced upper, a girl puts it through 

 a machine that laces it up and ties it in 

 the twinkling of an eye — a machine that 

 would be a glorious aid to a fat man. 



JOINING THE UPPER TO THE SOLE 



Preparatory to its alliance with the 

 sole, the upper is lasted. The insole has 

 been tacked on the last, and the upper is 

 now pulled tightly over the last with a 

 machine that has pincers which act like 

 human fingers. They draw the whole 

 upper in tightly over the last, so that 

 there is not a wrinkle left, and tack it 

 down on the bottom. The toe and heel 



