m 



C. Barns — Ionization of Water Nuclei. 



These values of n are somewhat greater than the preceding 

 (n = 10°), but the difference is at once referable to the grad- 

 ually increasing size of the holes in the lead jet as the result of 

 long spraying. Slight changes in V lit./min. are now of 

 importance because of the rapid loss of the charges in the 

 influx tube of the condenser. 



Whereas the current for positive charges decreases with the 

 potential, the current for negative charges increases ; but this, 

 too, is due to incidental reasons of the kind mentioned. Seen 

 in the light of the results preceding and following it, the 

 general evidence of the table is rather to the effect that the 

 current in the condenser is constant, independent of the elec- 

 tromotive force when the gradient exceeds about 20 volts per 

 radial centimeter. 



These results are marked 5 in the chart. 



10. Further data. — A series of results quite similar to the 

 last but with a more sensitive electrometer, is given in the next 

 table. As a rule positive charges were taken in succession, 

 though a number of incidental data accompany the table. The 

 insulation of the electrometer was found before and after each 

 of the measurements with nuclei. Having been taken on 

 different days and not in a single sweep, the results cannot be 

 quite coincident, because of jet differences, water pressures, 

 etc., as already stated. 



These observations mav be summarized as follows : 



ble V. — Charges of water nuclei. dV/dt = 

 Electrometer deflections 



2 lit/min. Capacity 



5, S. 



409 cm . 





Leakage ds/dt per 2 mi 



n . 







Electrometer 



Before 



During 

 nucleation. After 



C(dE/dt) 

 xlO 11 



n Q 



charge. 



cm. 



cm. cm. 



amperes. x 10 -6 . 



+ at 81 volts 



•21 



1-88 



17 



2-17 



2-2 



— at 80 volts 



•23 



•98 



•19 



•95 



10 



+ at 81 volts 



— 



1-98 



•22 



1-74 



2-3 



+ at 60 volts 



•22 



1-79 



13 



1-62 



2-1 



+ at 40 volts 



•11 



1-55 



04 



1-48 



1-9 



+ at 20 volts 



•05 



1-57 



00 



1-54 



2-0 



— at 20 volts 



•13 



•68 



'05 



•59 



•8 



+ at 20 volts 



•08 



1-56 



02 



1-51 



2-0 



-f- at 20 volts 



•08 



1-46 



05 



1-66 



2-2 



+ at 10 volts 



•02 



1-29 



00 



1-51 



2-0 



-f at 2 volts 



•01 



•52 



00 



•61 



■8 



± no charge 



•00 



•11 



•00 



•13 



•2 



4- at 100 volts 



•16* 



•88 



12 



1-59 



2-0 



Corona on immediate condensation : white, crimson, green, being No. 9 with 

 5000-6000 nuclei per cm 3 . 



* Smaller electrometer factor. 



