4:06 Wortman — Studies of Eocene Mammalia in the 



axis. Whatever classification is finally adopted, it seems to me 

 that this should be regarded as one of the primary divisions 

 of the suborder, since the characters of the extremities are not 

 found in any other member of the order thus far known. 



In the second division of the Anthropoidea, I included 

 Tarsias and its allies. It has been customary with nearly all 

 authorities to classify this species in the Lemuroidea, assigning 

 to it the rank of a separate and distinct family. Hubrecht,* 

 however, from a careful study of its placentation has shown 

 that in this respect it is widely different from the lemurs and 

 decidedly like the monkeys. Hence, he has proposed its 

 removal to the Anthropoidea. In confirmation of this view, it 

 may be added that the entocarotid circulation, which I am 

 inclined to regard as of fundamental importance, is analogous 

 to that of the primitive monkeys and not like that of any of 

 the lemurs. Similarly, the lack of union between the malar 

 and lachrymal is found in all the monkeys, and the reverse 

 condition in the lemurs. The teeth do not exhibit that pecu- 

 liar modification seen in all lemurs, but again are like those of 

 the monkeys ; and, lastly, the fourth digit of the manus is not 

 the longest of the series as in all the lemurs, but is shorter than 

 the third as in the monkeys. Thus, it will be seen that the 

 evidence derived from five independent sets of organs, the 

 placentation, lachrymo-malar union, entocarotid circulation, 

 dentition, and digital lengths of the manus, all concur in 

 assigning to Tarsius a position with the monkeys and not with 

 the lemurs. On the other hand, it may be stated that in the 

 extraorbital extension of the lachrymal and the location of the 

 external openings of the lachrymal canal outside the rim of the 

 orbit, it agrees with the lemurs. 



This question of the lachrymal region in the skull of the 

 Primates has recently formed the subject of extensive and 

 painstaking research by Forsyth Major, f From his investiga- 

 tions, we learn that, with the single exception of Nesopithecus, 

 a highly developed extinct type from Madagascar, all the 

 lemurs possess an enlarged lachrymal which reaches beyond 

 the orbit, while the external opening of the lachrymal canal is 

 situated upon the side of the face. In some species, notably 

 Zoris, no lachrymal was found, but there can be little doubt 

 that its absence is due to early fusion with the maxillary and 

 complete obliteration of the sutures, as in the sea-lions and 

 seals. Another interesting observation recorded by Dr. Major 

 relates to the lachrymal enlargement seen in certain South 



*Die Keimblase von Tarsius. Festschrift fur Carl Gegenbaur, Leipzig, 

 1896. The Descent of the Primates, Princeton Lecture, 1897. 



f On Some Characters of the Skull in Lemurs and Monkeys, Proc. Zool. 

 Soc. London, February, 1901. 



