Marsh Collection, Peabody Museum. 407 



American apes, as the howlers and woolly spiders, wherein it is 

 impossible to decide whether the lachrymal canal can be said to 

 be within or without the orbit. In view of these transitional 

 conditions, the great taxonomic significance of the position 

 of the lachrymal canal, which it was formerly thought to 

 possess, is materially weakened. The large lachrymal with the 

 opening of the canal extraorbital in position is undoubtedly the 

 primitive condition. This is demonstrated by reference to the 

 Marsupials, in some of which, notably Myrmecobius, it is 

 unusually large and sends a considerable spur outward upon 

 the zygoma to join the malar. In all Insectivora, Kodentia, 

 and primitive Carnivora, the enlarged lachrymal as well as the 

 extraorbital position of the canal, is, as far as I am aware, 

 universal. 



For views in favor of retaining Tarsias in the Lemuroidea, 

 as well as for a general discussion of the genetic relationship of 

 the latter to the Anthropoidea, I refer the reader to the excel- 

 lent papers by Mr. Charles Earle. * 



If Tarsius is a member of the suborder Anthropoidea, of 

 which in my judgment there can be little question, then it 

 appears equally certain that, with its allies, it represents an 

 independent branch from the main axis, and one, moreover, of 

 equal rank with the Arctopithecini, or marmosets, since its 

 primitive lachrymal arrangement associated with precocious 

 tooth reduction, as well as with some peculiarities of the ptery- 

 goid region, mark it off distinctly as a side branch. I suggest 

 for this group, therefore, the name Paleopithecini. 



Of the extinct American types, Euryacodon and Anapto- 

 morphus are names which probably refer to one and the same 

 genus. The skull structure of the best-known species, Anapto- 

 morphus or Euryacodon homunculus, was described by Cope 

 from an exceptionally fine specimen found by me in the Wasatch 

 bed of the Big Horn Valley, Wyoming, in 1881. This speci- 

 men has recently been refigured by Osborn.f Its resemblance 

 to Tarsius is so striking that there can be apparently no ques- 

 tion whatever of the near relationship of the two. This is seen 

 in the following important characters : The entocarotid canal trav- 

 erses the tympanic chamber, and its external orifice is situated 

 as in Tarsius ; the malar does not unite with the lachrymal ; the 

 lachrymal is relatively large and extends out upon the face ; the 

 external opening of the lachrymal canal is extraorbital in posi- 

 tion ; the auditory bullae are much inflated and the external alas 

 of the pterygoids extend outward and backward in such a man- 

 ner as more or less to enclose the bullae ; the structure of the teeth 



* Science, February 12, 1897; and May, 1897. American Naturalist, July 

 and August, 1897. 



f American Eocene Primates, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., June, 1902. 



