52 APPEKDIX. 



He tlien goes on to speak of the sandstones which underlie the 

 limestones, and which are to be regarded as the true matrix of 

 the diamond. " Thus, of all the rivers of the province of St. 

 Paul, those only which flow over the sandstones are diamond- 

 hearing." And instancing the Eio Gruarahi, he says it leaps over 

 the escarpment, where it forms several cataracts, cutting through 

 the various beds of sandstones and psammites, and it is only 

 below the cascades that you begin to find diamonds, a similar 

 remark to that of M. Claussen in relation to the coal measures. 



Other facts worthy of mention may occur in Captain Burton's 

 work on the " JLiglilands of Brazil,'' but as I have never yet seen 

 a copy of that work I have not referred to it. 



DiAjIOXDS TSi ISDIA. 



AVe may nov/ turn to another quarter. India was renowned 

 as a diamond country long before Brazil ; Tavernier mentions 

 diamonds in 1642. 



In 1814, Dr. Heyne published some tracts on India, in which 

 he described the diamond mines of Southern India, showing that 

 a conglomerate caps the Cuddapah Hills ; and he adds, wherever 

 diamonds are found they are in alluvia and recent deposits in 

 which the rounded pebbles are so numerous as to produce the 

 conglomerate character. 



In 1832, Mr. Cullinger published in a Calcutta periodical — 

 " Gleanings in Science" — some notes on the geology of the 

 country between Saiigor and Mirzapore, in which he mentions 

 the occurrence of diamonds in solid sandstone underlying chlorite 

 slate, and also in a ferruginous agglomerate, of which he gives 

 several localities. 



Mr. Newbold, in a paper that may be found in the Athencstim of 

 11th of June, 1813, has described the diamond-bearing gravel of 

 Cuddapah, in Bundelcund, a little south of Golconda. 



It holds rounded pebbles of trap, granite, schists derived from 

 beds twenty to forty miles distant, quartz, jasper, silex, sandstone, 

 and limestone of the Adcinity. In ■ it are broken or rolled 

 diamonds ; and as the diamond beds are occasionally covered by 

 HeffU)', or black cotton soil (which is also not uncommon in 

 Australia), I consider they are of the same age as the older 

 drift of the Cudgegong. But when these materials are cemented 

 at the upper part by KunTcur, which is a tufaceous carbonate of 

 lime (very common in some parts of Australia), diamonds are 

 never found. In the Nizam's territory such cemented beds 

 contain bones of the Mastodon. 



In the fifth volume of the second series of " Transactions of the 

 Geological Society of Londoii" is a valuable memoir " On the 

 fossils of the Eastern portion of the great Basaltic district of 

 India," by the late Mr. Malcomson, which was read in November 



