52 STDITET WATEE StJPPLT BY GEAVITATION. 



to US, and is still rendered prohibitory for most manufacturing 

 purposes, and weighs heavily upon the population, by reason of 

 the high rate rates of 5s. charged on every room of every descrip- 

 tion attached to every dwelling, even whether water be laid on 

 or not ; and. of no less than 7|d. per 250 gallons, or at the rate of 

 d6125 per 1,000,000 gallons by meter measurement, as against £26 

 in London for same quantity of filtered water. 



And now I would wish to say a few words here on the subject 

 of the value of the hydraulic pressure and power which will be 

 available by the adoption of my water scheme. My plan is 

 wholly a gravitation scheme ; and having learnt by the develop- 

 ment of the Nevada Waterworks, as published in the Engineer 

 of the 3rd of April last, and copied into the Sydney Mail of the 

 18th July, that Avrought-iron pipes there of only 5-16ths of an 

 inch, in boiler-plates worked into pipes of 11 1 inches diameter, 

 bear the before unheard of pressure of 750 lbs. to the square 

 inch, — so I have considered that we should avail ourselves here 

 of the high pressure at our command, from near Madden's Plains, 

 with 1,050 feet head of water at sea level, as against 1,720 at the 

 Nevada Waterworks ; as Ave should be enabled to use smaller 

 pipes and cheaper pipes, by reason of the great velocity that 

 would be given to the waters under such a tremendous head of 

 water, and yet to be quite safe from bursting when made of boiler- 

 plates of iron, but better still in steel, varying according to eleva- 

 tion and pressure from 2-16ths to 3-16ths and 4-16ths of an inch 

 in thickness only. 



With such hydraulic pressure for quick delivery we could avail 

 ourselves in Sydney and in Port Hacking valley of this valuable 

 force, and turn it to account in various ways for hydraulic lifts, 

 turbines, &c., but most advantageously so by applying it to the 

 compression of air as the indirect motive power to send the sewage 

 and waste waters of the city on to suitable positions for irrigation, 

 in same manner as you will find partially described in Delabar's 

 paper on Eitter's great works. Eitter was the inventor of this 

 method and applied it for the first time at Preiburg quite recently. 

 I may mention here that his method of freeing cities or towns 

 from sewage and waste waters seems to be superior even to Capt. 

 Liernur's admirable plan of effecting much the same results, and 

 whose system now is so extensively adopted in many large con- 

 tinental cities. The difference between the two systems is that 

 Liernur draws away all sewage by forming a partial vacuum in 

 the sewers by a steam-engine acting on a large air-pump, and so 

 brings away the sewage at will to certain centres, for its evapora- 

 tion into poudreUe, which is packed in casks and sent off into 

 the countr}', where it is bought with avidity by the farmers, who 

 have discovered that it is more valuable than the best guano. 

 This system is found to answer very well, and it pays to produce 



