86 THE ORIGIN OF MAN 



time found in South America. The most striking 

 mammals of the Pleistocene in North America 

 were the three species of elephants and the one of 

 mastodon. The last named was most abundant in 

 forested regions and rarer in the plains country. 

 Of the elephants, the most interesting and widely 

 distributed was the Siberian woolly mammoth, an 

 animal of the cold climate and coming to North 

 America by way of Alaska. The mammoth also 

 migrated from Asia into Europe. The Colum- 

 bian elephant was closely related to the mam- 

 moth but being of taller stature. It lived during 

 the earlier half of the Pleistocene time in the 

 warmer portions of North America roaming over 

 the whole of the United States. The horses were 

 very numerous and also the peccaries, camels and 

 llamas. The caribou and modern moose were 

 likewise present while the stag-moose was a late 

 arrival. Among the carnivores the sabre-tooth 

 tiger was the most formidable. Of the rodents 

 the giant beaver was the most interesting and as 



