CHAPTER I 

 brute-man's helplessness 



With wider recognition of the influence of heredity 

 on character and destiny, the interest in the gene- 

 alogy of the human race naturally increases. Since, 

 however, it is by no means the body of man, closely 

 resembling the organisms of the creatures imme- 

 diately below him, which distinguishes and exalts 

 our race far above all others, since, on the contrary, 

 it is the wonderful superiority of our intelligence 

 and the nature of our moral, social, family, economic, 

 and political relations and institutions; therefore 

 it would seem that an investigation into the causes 

 of these must prove vastly more interesting and 

 instructive. To such an examination the following 

 pages are devoted. 



It is therefore proper to dedicate the far larger 

 space and attention in these essays to the tracing of 

 the causes and growth of these distinctively human 

 faculties, relations, and institutions, while portions 

 of the first two chapters only give special attention 

 to the process by which the changes occurred which 

 differentiate the human body from the organisms 

 of man's immediate brute progenitors. 



The argument is based on the proposition that 

 all higher types of life have been derived or are 



