PREFACE 



A little over a year ago, a preliminary draft of 

 the present work was, under the title " Psychic and 

 Economic Results of Man's Physical Uprightness," 

 submitted by the author for criticism to a select 

 circle of one hundred university presidents, pro- 

 fessors, and to other distinguished scientists 1 and 

 philosophers, in the United States of America, Great 

 Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Switzerland, Bel- 

 gium, and The Netherlands. Eighty of these 

 gentlemen replied; many of them by instructive 

 criticisms and comments. These criticisms and 

 comments have been utilized in so revising the 

 preliminary draft as to produce this present book, 

 under the title of "The Physical Basis of Civil- 

 ization." 



It traces the upright attitude, higher intelligence, 

 monogamic marriage, the family, the home, the 

 economic dependence of woman, differentiation of 

 the sexes, warfare, primitive groups and hordes, and 

 other physical, mental, moral, economic, and rudi- 

 mentary political conditions to two small anatom- 

 ical peculiarities of our brute ancestors, and throws 



1 The frequent application of the words "science," "scientists," 

 in late years, to subjects obviously outside the range of the phys- 

 ical sciences, makes it necessary to state that in these essays 

 the old meanings are always intended. 



5 



