A NEW FACTOR 173 



and opportunities provided by unaided nature. 

 For the inexorable conflict between the narrowly 

 limited conditions on which life depends and the 

 blind drift of the interactions between the materials 

 and forces of the universe could, until then, only be 

 met by the powers and resources inherent in life, 

 through changes in organization arising by varia- 

 tion. (See Chapter I, paragraphs on variation, and 

 Appendix, Note IV.) But through co-operative 

 industry our race has power to alter this blind drift, 

 and by science it can anticipate with such a close 

 approach to accuracy the results of the changes it 

 has the power to produce, that by these means our 

 race would be able, if it was but united and willing, 

 to multiply and improve the supplies and oppor- 

 tunities provided by unaided nature, to such a 

 stupendous extent that the greatest possible advan- 

 tages that can now be won by the most highly 

 favored individuals, classes, and nationalities, 

 through conflicts with others, appear insignificant 

 by comparison with the grand results attainable 

 for each and all through peaceful, voluntary, sym- 

 pathetic co-operation under the guidance of scientific 

 foresight. 



The struggle for existence, if that phrase is ap- 

 plicable to the society of the future at all, can 

 therefore not permanently continue to be dominated 

 by personal, class, or national interests, but must be 

 directed towards the attainment of universal welfare, 

 of higher conditions for all mankind. Fierce, brutish, 



