SUMMARY 181 



author was able to bring to these subjects, and were 

 found to be without foundation in fact or sound 

 reason. It was explained why conduct in general 

 is the all-important factor in the survival of man, 

 and yet of such very slight significance to brutes 

 below him. 



In the third chapter, three causal agencies and 

 several remarkable combinations of circumstances 

 were cited, which have, in co-operation with varia- 

 tion and natural selection, produced an inexorable 

 tendency towards the steady improvement of 

 human intelligence. 



The fourth chapter was devoted to a demonstra- 

 tion of the proposition that even intelligence could 

 not have saved the upright ancestry of man from 

 extermination unless its pregnant females had 

 resorted to self -concealment. 



The origin of family relations, of the economic 

 dependence of woman, and of the home were the 

 subjects of the fifth and sixth chapters. It was 

 here explained how even concealment of the preg- 

 nant females would have been insufficient to save 

 the race from extermination if the support and 

 protection of females and young during the repro- 

 ductive period of the former had not been under- 

 taken by the adult males. 



In the seventh the conclusions reached in the 

 earlier chapters were briefly summarized, and it 

 was found that family relations, monogamic mar- 

 riage, economic dependence of woman, and the 



