8 



This specimen is included in the original Hunterian Catalogue of 

 Fossils (No. r 17), where it is ascribed to the 'White Bear,' and stated 

 to be from " Bauman's Cavern in Germany." 



In the greater relative breadth of the molar tooth, and in the edentu 

 lous condition of the interspace between the sockets of the canine and 

 first true molar tooth, the present specimen agrees with the foregoing 

 ones of the Ursris spelosus from the cavern at Gailenreuth, and differs, like 

 them, from the Ursus maritimus. As it formed part of the collection of 

 fossils made and catalogued by Hunter prior to the reception of the 

 more numerous and complete specimens of the Cave Bear presented to 

 him by the Margrave of Anspach, the distinctions which he subsequently 

 recognized between the fossil and the recent Bear could scarcely have 

 been appreciable. 



The following is a description of Bauman's Cave. 



" This celebrated and much frequented cave, or suite of caverns, has already been described by 

 Leibnitz in his ' Protegsea.' It derived its name from an unfortunate miner, who, in the year 1670, 

 ventured alone to explore its recesses in search of ore ; and after having wandered three days and 

 nights in total solitude and darkness, at length found his way out in a state of such complete ex- 

 haustion, that he died almost immediately. It lies in a bed of transition limestone at the village of 

 Rubeland, about two miles below the town of Elbingrode, on the north-east border of the Hartz, and 

 in the country of Blankenburg." — " From the great cave we descend by a passage to a hollow vault' 

 the lower half of which contains beneath a thick crust of stalagmite, an accumulation of several feet 

 of mud or sand mixed with bones, and extremely large pebbles of transition limestone ; the mud and 

 pebbles have been separated from each other, and drifted to different parts of this vault. The bones 

 which lie in the mud and sand are not much broken, and about thirty years ago some very entire ones 

 were extracted from it, and sent to the Museum at Brunswick ; but those which occur among the 

 pebbles are more than usually fractured, and some of them stamped or pounded, as if in a mortar, 

 into hundreds of small splinters, which adhere by stalagmite to the surface of some of the largest peb" 

 bles : none of them, however, have lost their angles, or are in any way rounded ; but they are simply 

 broken or crushed when in juxtaposition to the heavy pebbles, which are more abundant and longer 

 here than in any other part of this, or indeed of any cavern I have yet visited." — " This cavern 

 has, from its position in the inmost recesses, and its difficulty of access, been not much disturbed, and 

 has several off-shoots, the contents of which are still glazed over with a crust of virgin stalagmite : in 

 others the stalagmite has been broken through ; and artificial vaults, like those at Schartzfeld, have 

 been dug some feet into the subjacent mass of mud, which is also loaded with teeth, bones, and pebbles, 

 but not with such large pebbles, or in such unusual quantity as in the vault E. The rock and sides 

 of the artificial cave I, have bones adhering to them, or rather are in part composed of bones ; but 

 in none of the natural chambers do we find bones adhering to the side and roof above the surface of 

 the mud and stalagmite." — BucMand, Reliquice Diluviance, p. 117. 



