200 



the two transverse eminences of a Lophiodon so modified, that it supports 

 two pairs of points and one single point, like the last lower molar tooth 

 of the fossil jaw from Lot-et-Garonne, described by Cuvier in the ' Osse- 

 mens Fossiles,' 1822, torn. iii. p. 404, and like that from the Puy on 

 Velary, described in the posthumous 8vo edition of the same work, 

 vol. v. p. 480, both of which are referred by Cuvier to the genus Anthra- 

 cotherium. The last molar in the present fossil differs, however, from 

 the teeth above cited, in the height of the connecting ridge of the anterior 

 pair of points, and in the development of the fifth or posterior point from 

 the connecting ridge of the posterior pair of points, which ridge is not 

 parallel with the anterior ridge, as in the Lophiodons, but is bent back- 

 wards, the fifth point forming the angle of the bend. The typical An- 

 thracotherium , of which part of the lower jaw, from the lignite beds of 

 Liguria, is figured by Cuvier in the ' Ossemens Fossiles,' 1822, torn. iii. 

 pi. 80, fig. 2, differs in the deep cleft dividing the anterior pair of tu- 

 bercles, and in the great development of the bifid posterior or third 

 lobe of the tooth. In the posterior part of the penultimate tooth of 

 the present specimen, it is easy to perceive that the tubercle correspond- 

 ing with the inner one of the posterior pair in the last molar is obsolete, 

 and represented by a minute eminence near the base of the crown ; whilst 

 the tubercle answering to the fifth in the last molar is more elevated, 

 and is nearer the inner side, and the ridge from the outer tubercle termi- 

 nates there. It is also obvious from the breadth of the fractured part of 

 the anterior fang of the penultimate molar that its antero-posterior dia- 

 meter must have more nearly equalled that of the last molar than in the 

 true Lophiodons. The posterior surface of the anterior ridge of the last 

 molar tooth has been abraded by mastication ; and the extent of the 

 fractured jaw behind it proves that there existed no other alveolus pos- 

 teriorly, but that the perfect tooth in situ is the true ultimate molar. 

 The unworn surface of the enamel is minutely but distinctly wrinkled. 

 The characters of the teeth, especially the last molar, of the present 

 fossil indicate that the modifications of the Lophiodont dentition, on 

 which the subgenus Coryphodon is founded, lead towards the Anthra- 

 cotherium, or at least to those smaller species from Garonne and Velary 



