114 The Badland Formations -of the Black Hills Region 



Leptomeryx gvansi Leidy. 



Hypisodus minimus Cope. 

 Upper Oligocene. 



Protoceras celer Marsh. 



Pro toe eras comptus Marsh. 



Protoeeras nasutus Marsh. 



Galops cristatus Marsh. 



Galops consors Marsh. 

 Lower Miocene. 



Syndoceras cooki Barbour. 



Hypertragulus "calcaratus" Cope. 



CAMEUDAE 



The camel originated in North America. The earliest and 

 most primitive ancestors are found here and the evidence shows 

 that the family had traveled far on its road toward modern 

 camels before conditions became favorable for their migration 

 to other continents. 



At present the family consists of but two genera, Camelus 

 and Llama. Of the camels proper there are but two species, 

 Camelus dromedarius or Arabian (one-humped) camel, and 

 Camelus bactrianus or Bactrian (two-humped) camel. They 

 inhabit the desert regions of Northern Africa, Arabia, and 

 Central Asia. The llamas, including alpacas, guanacos, and 

 vicunas, live only in the arid highlands of South America. 



The camels are among the earliest domesticated animals of 

 which we have knowledge and since the dawn of human history 

 they seem not to have been known in the truly wild state. We 

 lose ourselves in meditation as we think of the position the 

 stupid, ungainly camel has made for himself in the history of 

 old world transportation but let us not fail to reflect that much 

 of the ancestral history of this creature lies at our own doorway. 

 Ages before Joseph was sold by his brethren to the Ishmaelitic 

 caravan from Gilead the forerunners of these useful beasts of 

 burden were roaming in great numbers the wilds of what we 

 row know as South Dakota and neighboring states seeking the 

 comforts of a primitive living and looking forward in some 

 mysterious way to the convenience of elastic pads for their feet, 

 fleshy humps for their backs and water pockets for their 

 stomachs. 



Within the area described in this paper a dozen ancestral 

 species have been identified, five from the Oligocene and seven 



