36 CARNIVOK.A. 



voice itself. As to the voice, the lion, tiger, and leopard are nearly 

 allied, and are the same in the structure of the organs of voice. 



This class [the animals of this group of Felidae] do not purr like a" cat, 

 nor do they mew. The leopard makes a noise something similar to the 

 mew of a cat, but it is very hoarse, and not so loud. They utter the 

 guttural or hollow sound when angry very strongly ; viz. that which is 

 made in the glottis without any articulation. The Hon has this last ; 

 the cat also ; besides, this is common to them all. The he-lion often in 

 the evening makes a noise like a common saw, when sawing a hard 

 piece of wood ; so that every one that hears it first supposes it to be 

 somebody sawing. The she-one has the same voice, but not so strong. 

 They only use this kind of sound by way of call; for the he-one 

 only does this when separated from the she ; and the she-one does this 

 when she is separated from her young, or when she hears her young 

 ones call. However, the lion's voice differs from that of all the others : 

 the calling noise is like that of a bull : but his fierce noise is just like 

 that of a leopard or tiger. 



All of this class [Felidas], with their gradations, lick themselves with 

 their tongues, by way of scratching ; and therefore have their tongues 

 very rough on its upper surface. 



In the lion, tiger, leopard, &c. this roughness is the most considerable, 

 and falls off gradually in those which fall off from the lion in other 

 respects. For this purpose they have a great deal of motion in their 

 whole tongue, and in every part of the tongue itself. Their larynx is 

 farther removed from the head than in the cat, and the os hyoides is 

 not attached to the head by a bony continuation, as in the cat, and in 

 most other animals, but by a ligament. The first class [or group of 

 Felidag] are the strongest made, especially in their limbs and feet, in 

 proportion to the size of the animal. Their ears are broader and shorter 

 than those of the cat-kind. The pupil is round in the first [group], 

 but elliptical in the last, whose long axis is perpendicvdar. 



The last phalanx of the toes is turned up and crooked, and is always 

 kept in extension by elastic ligaments : there are two or three of these : 

 the innermost arises from the root of the second phalanx on its middle, 

 and is partly lost in the same side of the claw, and partly into the skin 

 on the side of the claw. The other arises from the outside of the second 

 bone, and is inserted into the opposite side of the same claw. But the 

 chief one arises from the anterior end of the second phalanx where the 

 third is articulated, and from its outer edge, and is inserted into the 

 convex edge of the third phalanx 1 . 



1 [Hunt. Preps. Nos. 287, 288. I have shown the difference in the disposition of 



