44 CARNIVORA. 



outside, the other on the inside. There is a part white [shining, viz. 

 the tapetum] in the bottom and upper part of the eye. 



The lion and the cat have more than one or two young at each im- 

 pregnation, each horn of the uterus having three or four young ones in 

 it, every one of which has a distinct placenta and membranes. The 

 placenta consists of a broad flat circular mass or ring, within the area 

 of which lies the foetus, as a horse in a girth 1 . 



Upon its outer surface the placenta adheres everywhere to the uterus : 

 from the two edges of this broad flat ring pass out membranes which 

 also line the uterus for some way ; they terminate in blind ends, which 

 makes the whole a complete bag. Within this bag, made of placenta 

 and membrane [chorion], lies the foetus enclosed in another bag [amnion] 

 which adheres nowhere but to the umbilical chord: it is thin and 

 transparent, containing some water. Besides this bag immediately 

 enclosing the foetus, there is another smaller one which seems to be 

 entangled in the umbilical vessels, and lies as it were between the 

 second described and the placenta or insertion of these vessels. This is a 

 kind of tunica vaginalis of the umbilical vessels, or capsula of the allan- 

 tois. Within this bag is another which is much smaller, and as it were 

 floating in it, which is called the allantois : this bag is of a triangular 

 shape, and is attached by two of its angles to the placenta, and by the 

 other angle to the foetus, which is called the urachus. The arteries of 

 the uterus pass from it to the placenta, and there ramify both upon the 

 external and internal surfaces ; but they deposit their contents into the 

 substance of the placenta, from whence the veins arise to carry it 

 back to the heart of the mother : so far exactly similar to that of the 

 human. The umbilical artery of the foetus ramifies everywhere through 

 the substance of the placenta as in the human ; but, besides this, it 

 ramifies everywhere on the first described membrane [chorion]. The 

 umbilical vein everywhere corresponds to the artery. Here then is a 

 mixed communication between the mother and the foetus : so far as 

 regards the membranes, it is like those that have no placenta, as, e. g., 

 the mare, &c. : so far as regards the placenta, it is like the human 

 subject. It is very probable that this is the kind of communication be- 

 tween mother and foetus through all the gradations [of the Carnivora], 

 for it seems to be the same with the bitch. 



The lion, the leopard, and the cat, when going to receive the male, 

 lie flat on their belly with the rump raised. The he-one gets upon 

 them with his feet on their back and sides, which makes them raise 

 their rump still more, and then he inserts. A she-one of this kind is 



[Hunt. Preps. Nos. 3502—3506.] 



