22 QUADRUMANA. 



The testes are larger than a man's : the spermatic vessels make a 

 thicker body before they enter the testes than in man, and the entry 

 appears contorted on the tunica albuginea, as in the quadruped. The 

 tunica vaginalis communicates with the abdomen : it is very thick at 

 the lower part where it covers the testis, but very thin near the abdo- 

 men. The cremaster muscle is lost upon it, is very strong, and is 

 capable of pulling the testis as high as the abdominal ring. 



On the fore-part of the neck, immediately under the skin and platysma 

 myoides, there is a large cavity [sacculus laryngis] extending from the 

 upper and fore-part of the breast to above the os hyoides or angle of 

 the neck and the chin. At the lower part it extends outwards before 

 the anterior ends of the clavicles for more than half their lengths before 

 the lower ends of the sterno-mastoideus muscles to their outer edge, 

 crossing them obliquely upwards, as the muscles pass obliquely back- 

 wards in their passage upwards ; its extent laterally at the upper part 

 is in the sides of the larynx towards the outer belly of the digastric 

 muscle. The anterior side of this cavity is the skin and platysma 

 myoides. The posterior side is made up at the lower part by the upper 

 part of the sternum and clavicle, by the lower half of the sterno- 

 mastoideus, and laterally, above, by the sides of the larynx, the anterior 

 part of the neck and the vessels going to the head, &c. The stemo- 

 hyoidei muscles approach one another as they pass up, and as the os 

 hyoides projects forwards over the thyroid cartilage : these muscles at 

 their insertion make a prominent ridge, behind which there is a com- 

 munication between the right and left sides of this cavity ; from thence 

 there is a passage into the larynx, just at the root of the epiglottis : the 

 passage will admit a finger. As this passage is above the glottis, it can 

 have no effect upon the organ of sound. 



The arm and fore-arm are extremely strong. The arm is thicker 

 than that of a man's. The hand is extremely small. The nails upon 

 the thumbs are very much like that of the human ; those of the fingers 

 are narrower and more convex in every direction, especially from side 

 to side. The palm of the hand is a compound between that of the 

 human and of many brutes ; but is most like the human. The small 

 ball of the hand, or that opposite to the thumb, is placed further up 

 the arm than in the human, and is more circumscribed. The balls on 

 the ends of the fingers are thicker. 



As the hand and fingers were extremely small in proportion to the 

 powers which moved them, it is natural to suppose that they were not 

 intended for any great variety of motion, but just to hold. It would 

 not appear that they have any great variety of motion. The arms are 

 short in comparison to many other [Quadruinanes]. 



