HYLOBATES. 9 



caecum. The colon passes up the right side, as in the human, then 

 crosses the body to the left, passes down the left, where it is closely 

 connected to the neighbouring parts as in the human, and passes over 

 the left psoas muscle, but has no sigmoid flexure. From thence it passes 

 backwards into the pelvis, and forms the rectum. If there is any 

 difference between the situation and adhesions of these parts described, 

 from those in the human subject, it is that the adhesions here are not 

 so strong nor by such broad ligaments. 



The scrotum is more a natural bag than is common in monkeys. The 

 penis has a prepuce adhering nearer the glans than commonly found in 

 monkeys ; but not so near as in the human. The tunica vaginalis is 

 common to the testicle and spermatic chord, and communicates with 

 the cavity of the abdomen. There is a small bone in that part of the 

 penis which is between the glans and the adhesion of the prepuce to 

 the penis 1 . 



The kidneys are pretty nearly of an equal height, the left rather 

 higher than the right, the same as in the human, which is contrary to 

 most other monkeys and brutes. Each kidney has but one mammilla". 



The lungs of the left side are divided into two lobes as in the human ; 

 on the right side into three, also having the small lobe going behind 

 the vena cava. The pericardium adheres to the diaphragm very nearly 

 as much as in the human. The vena cava inferior is very nearly as 

 short as in the human. The os hyoides has three bones, as in the 

 human. There is an uvula 3 . 



[Hylobates 4 .] Trunk of a Monkey, from Mr. Lavers. 



The heart is flat, and turned a little to the left : the lower surface 

 lies on the diaphragm, but not so flat as in the human ; so that the 

 lower vena cava is a little lengthened. The lungs are divided into two 

 lobes on each side ; the uppermost on the right has a fissure on its 

 posterior surface, and the lower lobe sends in a small process behind the 

 vena cava. 



The liver is exactly as in the human ; also the gall-bladder, the 

 stomach, duodenum, jejunum, and ilium are the same [as in the human]. 



1 [This is a significant mark of the inferior grade of the gibbon to the chimpanzee 

 and orang-utan in the quadrumanous series.] 



2 [Prep. No. 1233.] 



3 [The instances of greater similitude, than in the tailed monkeys, to the human 

 structure, in the gibbons are equally or more strongly manifested by the orangs and 

 chimpanzees.] 



4 [Hunter preserved the bones of this specimen ; they are No. 502'J, Osteological 

 Catalogue, and show it to have been a gibbon by the breadth of the sternum and 

 other characters.] 



