CANIS FAMILIARIS. 59 



Exteact of a Letter conceiving the two Hycenas which fought and died 

 in the Tower in 1792. 



"Gibraltar, 15th Dec. 1791. 

 " He has also on board two young hyaenas, whelped last April, and 

 which I have had since they were two days old. You need not be 

 afraid of them ; for, in spite of what authors say, they are as tame as 

 puppies, having always lived loose in the house, dined at table with the 

 dogs, and usually in my lap or bed. I have put six sheep on board for 

 them, as they love raw meat. Their usual allowance here was a 

 bullock's pluck without the liver ; and the bones at table." 



[Family CANIDM^ 



[The Dog (Canis familiaris, Linn).] 

 Of a Dog. 



There are two panniculi carnosi ; one arises from the upper and 

 lower lip, passing back over the lower jaw under or behind the ear ; 

 then passing up, covering almost the whole neck; and, on the side 

 of the neck, it loses some of its fibres on the skin ; it then pro- 

 ceeds on and is inserted into the ligamentum colli, the whole length 

 of the neck. Besides this there are thin fibres that arise from the skin 

 down along the lower part of the neck, as low as the sternum, which 

 pass almost directly upwards, and join the other. The second [panni- 

 culus] arises in conjunction with the insertion of the latissimus dorsi, 

 and another part of it arises in conjunction with the insertion of the 

 pectoralis ; these two pass downwards, covering the whole side of the 

 body. The uppermost edge is as high as the latissimus, from the 

 buttocks forwards on the belly, making what is called the flanks, but 

 comes no further forwards. Besides these, it is joined by thin fibres 

 that arise insensibly from the cellular membrane that covers the 

 pectoral muscle, which join the lower edge of the former : these are 

 inserted into the skin of the back from the shoulders to the rump. 



The thyroid glands are on each side the cartilage of the aspera arteria 

 below the cricoid, and are pretty round bodies. The sacculus laryngis 

 is very large, and has a process of the anterior part of the arytenoid 

 cartilage passing half-way forwards, so that they can be dilated by the 

 motion of the cartilage, or shut in the middle by the two points that 

 come forwards ; so that the sac may affect the voice. The arytenoid 

 cartilage divides into two processes at the upper part, the anterior of 



