60 CARNIVORA. 



which stands up half-way between the posterior and the epiglottis. 

 There is no uvula, but a broad palatum molle 1 . 



The contents of the thorax are as in the ass. 



The oesophagus is about 2 inches long below the diaphragm. The 

 stomach is situate pretty much like the human ; at the small end it 

 makes a small turn upwards towards the liver, which may be owing to 

 the great distension and curvature, and ends in the pylorus 3 inches 

 below the liver 2 . 



The duodenum makes' a pretty sharp turn downwards on the right 

 side before the right kidney, and before the upper part of the Fallopian 

 tube and ovarium ; then makes a turn across the spine towards the left ; 

 it is very loose, having a long mesentery ; and where it passes across 

 the spine it is more fixed to the root of the mesentery, and at the same 

 part it is attached to the mesocolon where the colon is going to make 

 the rectum. The same intestine becomes loose on the left side, having a 

 long mesentery, and is called jejunum 3 . The ileum 4 passes towards 

 the right and into the caecuro, adhering for about 2 inches to the caecum. 



The caecum and beginning of the colon are not bound to the psoas, 

 iliacus, and quadratus lumborum as in the human; but in the wolf 

 they are closely connected to the right of the root of the mesentery ; 

 the colon has a long mesocolon ; it is shortest at the part where the 

 ileum enters, and goes as high as the duodenum, and goes before it 

 where the duodenum crosses the spine. The colon passes across the 

 spine towards the left ; from thence it passes down the left side ; it is 

 not bound down as in the human subject, but has a long mesocolon ; it 

 then goes on to make the rectum 5 . The mesentery is in general very 

 loose and thin ; the fat attending the vessels. 



There is a muscle arising from the lower surface of the tail, which 

 passes upwards and is spread upon the posterior surface of the rectum 

 and is lost in it. There are two elastic ligaments that arise from the 

 sacrum passing downwards, and are lost insensibly upon the sides of 

 the anus. At each side of the anus there is a cavity about the bigness 

 of a pigeon's egg, that seems to have a cuticular lining. These cavities 

 have an opening just at the verge of the anus, where two or three 

 hairs are studded. These bags do not seem to answer any purpose in 

 going to. stool ; for we can easily see these bags discharge their contents 

 in a dog when he is at stool, but at the same time distinct from the 

 faeces, and the fluid is squirted out with some force. Indeed, when the 

 anus is in this position, viz. pushed out, the orifices of these bags are a 



1 [The tongue of a dog is No. 1515.] 2 [Hunt. Prep. No. 535.] 



3 [Hunt, Prep. No. 701.] 4 [lb. No. 758.] 5 [lb. No. 725.] 



