PHOCA TITULINA. 97 



The oesophagus is pretty large, becoming larger near the stomach, 

 which is more a continuation of the oesophagus than in the human ; that 

 is, it enters nearer the great end. It is pretty long and small. Its situa- 

 tion is pretty much as in other animals, but would seem to be a little 

 more oblique, especially at the great or left end, which is pretty straight : 

 but, that the pylorus may be near the liver, it makes a quick turn up, 

 and a little to the left, upon itself, about 3 inches from the pylorus : 

 this serves for that continued or gradual bend that is in the human and 

 other animals. 



The duodenum passes to the right and downwards, and is so quickly 

 bent as to be attached a little way to the right of the last-mentioned 

 turn of the stomach ; as it passes down the right side it lies upon the 

 right lobe of the liver, and at the lower part upon the right kidney ; 

 then it makes a turn to the left side, and a little upwards behind the 

 mesentery, having a mesentery through its whole length, but is shorter 

 where it passes behind the great mesentery. Where it passes from 

 behind the mesentery upon the left, it is attached to the mesocolon or 

 rectum ; it then becomes a loose intestine, as common. This intestine 

 at its termination passes upwards, and is lost in the caecum, which lies 

 behind the bend of the stomach, before that part of the duodenum which 

 passes to the left 1 . It projects nearly two inches over the insertion of the 

 ileum, and is not very large in proportion to the small guts. As the 

 caecum lies so high the colon cannot ascend, but passes directly to the 

 left, having a short mesocolon ; from thence it passes down upon the 

 left side of the kidney, and then dips into the pelvis. This mesentery, 

 mesocolon, and mesorectum are very thin : the mesentery is very long. 

 There is a large lymphatic gland in the root of the mesentery about 4 

 inches long, which is but small : one end of it is in the root of the 

 mesentery, the other passes along the right of it towards the insertion 

 of the ileum ; besides this there are other small ones. 



The small intestines are about sixteen times the length of the body 

 of the animal ; and the great intestine is somewhat more than one-half 

 of the length of the body of the animal 2 . 



The epiploon is very thin : anteriorly it is attached to the whole length 

 of the stomach, to the diaphragm and spleen upon the left, and pos- 

 teriorly to the pancreas. There are the large and the little pancreases : 

 the latter is very little, but passes as far down the mesoduodenum as 

 in other animals. The large pancreas, as to size and situation, is as in 



1 [Home, Comp. Anat. i. p. 439.] 



2 [The structure of both small and large intestines is shown in the Hunt. Preps. 

 Nos. 697, 761,762.] 



VOL. II. H 



