120 ARTIODACTYLA. 



The other portion, which is the largest and seems to be the true stomach, 

 is placed directly in the middle of the body, is very rugous on its inner 

 surface, and is thicker in its coats than the former, which difference is 

 owing perhaps to a greater contraction in this part. 



Where the oesophagus enters there is a doubling of the stomach on 

 its left 1 , which would seem as if designed to conduct the food towards 

 the pylorus. And there is another doubling in the great end, at that 

 surface where the oesophagus enters, as it were, dividing the great end 

 from the stomach : where these two doublings are, the stomach is thicker 

 and harder in its coats 2 . It becomes thicker towards the pylorus, which 

 is nearly as much in the right, as the other end is in the left. Towards 

 the pylorus, and along the great end of the stomach, it is glandular on 

 the internal surface 3 . The pylorus is very thick, but not so smooth and 

 projecting as in the human subject, and it has one pretty thick eminence 

 in it that is extended a little way into the gut 4 . 



The duodenum passes directly downwards before the right kidney, 

 being loose and having a thin mesentery, and making a little turn : it 

 then crosses the spine, getting behind the ascending part of the colon, 

 and adheres to it as it passes down. "When behind that gut it passes 

 a little upwards, as it were obliquely round it, and when got to the top 

 of the gut it passes forwards and becomes loose. In all this course it 

 adheres to the rectum and other parts. 



The jejunum and ileum are small intestines lying convoluted in the 

 abdomen, are pretty nearly of an equal size, and are without valvulae 

 conniventes : the ileum at the lower part of the belly passes backward 

 the spine and enters the colon. The length of these guts is twenty times 

 the length of the body of the animal. 



The caecum is pretty large, lying just above the bladder, about 

 4 inches in length, and an inch in diameter ; and is attached through 

 its whole length to the ileum by a thin mesentery : it lies loose in the 

 abdomen, having its blind end turned directly forwards, and in contact 

 with the bladder, as it were lying upon it. 



Where the ileum, colon, and caecum unite, they are attached to the 

 spine ; from thence the colon passes upwards, before the left kidney, as 

 high as the stomach ; then makes a turn towards the right, but is bent 

 downwards, then inwards, upon itself, so as to make a ring : from thence 

 it continues the same turns upon itself for five times, so that it makes 

 five spiral turns like a screw, coming nearer the centre ; at the end of 

 which it is bent back upon itself, passing between the former turns as 



1 [Hunt Prep. No. 518.] - [lb. No. 550.] 



3 [lb. No. 551.] 4 [Home, Comp. Anal. i. p. 153.] 



