SUS SCROFA. 121 



far as the first : but in this retrograde course it gets nearer the centre 

 of the screw, so that it is entirely hid at last, then makes a quick turn 

 upwards, adhering to itself and to the left kidney, as high as the first 

 spiral turn : from thence it passes across and close to the spine, and 

 before the mesentery, adhering to the lower surface of the pancreas, 

 and, as it were, enclosing the fore-part of the root of the mesentery ; it 

 then passes down the right side before the duodenum, gets behind the 

 bladder, and forms the rectum. These turns of the colon, with respect 

 to situation, are just the reverse of [what exists in] any other animal 

 that I know ; and this spiral turn of colon is singular, and is situated 

 entirely on the left of all the other intestines 1 . The colon has no lon- 

 gitudinal ligaments, but is still saccular ; which seems to be owing to 

 its being fixed by a great deal of its surface to itself, and other parts ; 

 which adhesion is shorter than the length of intestine, and confines it 

 at these parts, as the longitudinal ligaments do in the human colon 2 . 

 It is not very large in proportion to the other guts ; its length is three 

 times that of the body of the animal 3 . 



The mesentery is very thin, and the vessels make no anastomosis*. 

 The lymphatic glands of the mesentery form a kind of chain along the 

 root of the mesentery, much in the shape of the edge of mesentery, or 

 in the shape of a horseshoe. 



The epiploon is but small, does not cover the small intestines ; but 

 lies, as it were, folded up along the stomach: it is not very fat: it 

 adheres to the whole of the great curve of the stomach, to the pancreas 

 near its whole length on the left, and to the transverse turn of the colon 

 on the posterior edge. 



The liver is divided into three principal lobes : the middle one is by 



i [Hunt. Prep. No. 734.] 2 [Home, Comp. Anat. pp. 460—462.] 



3 [Mr. Clift has appended the following note, from a dissection : — 



" Of the Common Hog, at Sir Joseph Banks's, killed at Spring Grove, 

 October 18, 1810. 



ft. in. 



From the nose to the anus in a straight line 4 



The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum when drawn out of 



their peritoneal covering 62 



The cfficum in length . . . . , 9 



The colon 14 



The rectum "... 12 



The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum are nearly equal in size throughout, and 

 measured an inch and a half in its circumference. The csecum is 1 foot 1 inch in cir- 

 cumference. The colon at its largest part is of the same size as the csecum. It 

 becomes gradually less towards the rectum, where it is scarcely an inch in diameter. 

 The rectum is very distinct from the colon, being more muscular and opaque in its 

 appearance. — W. C."] i [Hunt. Prep. No. 861.] 



