132 RUMINANTTA. 



blood from the bulb forwards, than if they had run in various 

 directions. 



The penis of this class is long, small, and pointed at the end, which 

 is often a little twisted. It lies along the belly its whole length, close 

 to the abdominal muscles, making a ridge, or rising there, similar to a 

 cutaneous rein in a man's arm ; and adhering to these muscles for more 

 than one half of its posterior end ; it becomes loose, or not attached, 

 at its anterior end. The attached part is only half covered with true 

 skin, or the skin here is to be considered as only laid over it. The 

 unattached part is what may be called 'glans,' or is similar to that 

 body, in not being covered with common skin, and having a prepuce, 

 reflected covering, or hood. 



This sheath, or prepuce, is covered on the lower side by the common 

 skin of the abdomen, in the same manner as the other parts of the 

 penis are. At the anterior end of this sheath is a perforation, which is 

 continued through the common integuments a little way behind the 

 navel ; at which orifice in some, there is a tuft of hair, as in the bull 

 and deer ; in others, a projecting ring, as in the ram. As this sheath 

 is covered by the common integuments, stretched over it in common 

 with the other parts, it has no retracting motion over the loose part of 

 the penis ; therefore in an erection the penis passes forwards through 

 the orifice, and inverts the true prepuce; by which means it covers a 

 portion of the penis which lies in the cellular membrane behind the 

 loose end; which makes the loose projecting part seem much longer 

 than what it is in the relaxed state. 



"When the animal makes water, it makes it into this prepuce, which 

 has a small motion in it, and squeezes it out at this orifice ; but with 

 no force : so that the hair, in those which have it, conducts it down ; 

 and the projecting ring, the mouth of which is directed down, also 

 guides the water down. 



Near its posterior end, the penis makes a turn upon itself, when in 

 the relaxed state, which allows it to lie in a shorter space than it other- 

 wise could do. The penis is made up of two distinct bodies, viz. of 

 corpus cavemosum and spongiosum; although these names do not 

 convey a just idea of the true structure. The corpus cavemosum has 

 a very strong thick tendinous coat, and the fibres which divide the cavi- 

 ties into cells are also pretty strong and tendinous. The communication 

 from cell to cell is not very free. 



The muscles of these parts are very strong, as they have a great 

 way to throw both the semen and the column of blood which [in the 

 cavernous and spongy tissues] follows that fluid. The erectores are 

 short and thick, a great part of them arising from the ischium below, 



