TAPIRUS AMERICANUS. 169 



gall-bladder. The spleen is a long body, similar to that of the ox, 

 lying fixed in the doubling of the epiploon. 



Kidneys. — Their external shape is much like that of the human, but 

 I believe each is only one gland, not partially conglomerated, as in the 

 human subject : the right kidney is the highest. They have no mam- 

 milla ; but the ducts open into the pelvis, like that of the horse 1 . The 

 capsular renales are oblong, situated on the upper and inner part of the 

 kidneys : when split, they are composed of two substances very like the 

 kidney : the external part is yellow, and the internal a lightish brown : 

 these substances are fibrous, running from the circumference to the 

 centre 2 . 



The epiploon is fixed to the great arch of the stomach, to the duo- 

 denum on the right, to the upper part of the colon below ; also to the 

 upper edge of the left kidney. The tongue is long and rather small. 

 The os hyoides is attached to the head. The oesophagus has a capsula 

 between the diaphragm and heart on its fore and right side, which also 

 takes in part of the aorta ; and is continued with them through the 

 diaphragm 3 . 



1 [Hunt. Prep. No. 1217: compare with Nos. 1208—1214.] 



2 [lb. No. 1286.] 



3 [In an American tapir dissected by the Editor at the Zoological Gardens, which 

 measured 6 feet 2 inches from the snout to the vent, the length of the small intes- 

 tines was 45 feet, of the caecum 15 inches, of the colon and rectum 12 feet ; the girth 

 of the caecum was 2 feet 8 inches. Mr. Clift has appended to his copy of Hunter's 

 notes the following on the anatomy of the Sumatran tapir dissected by him in the 

 year 1822:— 



Sumatran Tapir; 

 Stuffed, in the Museum, 1822. 

 Male. The oesophagus measured in length 2 feet. Length of stomach in a right 

 fine, which in form very much resembles the stomach of the rhinoceros, 1 foot 8 in. ; 

 breadth 9 in. The stomach has the cuticle extending on each side of the termi- 

 nation of the oesophagus. The greatest extent towards the pylorus as in the hog. 

 Length of the small intestines 69 feet. The valvulae conniventes did not extend 

 so far as in the rhinoceros ; but were very distinct towards the caecum. Length 

 of the caecum from the entrance of the ileum 1 foot : greatest breadth of caecum 

 1 foot. The caecum is honeycombed internally, and had an appearance of tassels, 

 somewhat like those represented by Mr. Thomas in his paper in Philos. Trans, on 

 the Rhinoceros ; nearly of the same form, but not so conical as in the rhinoceros. 

 Length of the great intestines from the caecum to the anus, 19 feet 6 inches : of which 

 the rectum measured 1 foot 3 inches ; the diamteer of the rectum 6 inches. Diameter 

 of colon at its widest part, which is 3 feet below the caecum, 8 inches. The colon 

 dilates very much about a yard below the caecum, and then becomes small again as 

 before ; is 8 inches wide for about 2 feet in extent, so as to look like a stomach. The 

 colon appeared to have but one band, towards its termination. The spleen was very 

 long and narrow ; in length 2 feet 3 inches. The kidneys were conglobate and 

 simple. The heart was as usual in mammalia, viz. two auricles and two ventricles 

 conjoined.] 



