282 INSESSORES. 



distant part ; when the intestine has got to the root of the mesentery, 

 on the right side, it makes a turn with the duodenum, adheres to the 

 pancreas and mesoduodenum ; and when it has got to the beginning of 

 the duodenum, it passes towards the left, before the root of the mesen- 

 tery, adhering to it by a mesentery an inch broad ; it then passes down 

 the left side to commence the rectum. The caeca are very short, much 

 like those of the sea-gull. The length of the whole intestine is only 

 twice the length of the whole bird, but five times the length of the trunk. 

 The rectum is about 2 inches long; it becomes pretty large at the 

 cloaca, but gradually expands from the caeca to the anus, as in the crow. 

 The gall-bladder is pretty large. The ducts of the liver pass in at the 

 third turn of the duodenum, separately, but very close together, and 

 the cysto-hepatic duct seems as if it were continued into the cystic. 

 The pancreatic duct passes across on the posterior surface of mesentery, 

 and enters with the hepatic. The pancreas, on the posterior side, passes 

 3 inches further into the third turn of the duodenum than the entrance 

 of the duct. The testes were very small : I could not find the vasa 

 deferentia, nor the penis. The duct of the gland above the tail is very 

 large, or rather it is a pretty large bag filled with a creamy juice. 



The Crow [Corvus corone and C. frugilegus, Linn.]. 



The stomach is a little stronger than a raven's : the tendinous part 

 is broader in proportion to the bulk of the stomach, and of a more 

 glistening colour. All the other intestines presented the same in shape 

 and position, only that the mesentery attached to the small intestine 

 was twisted from left to right three or four times, so that I was obliged 

 to untwist them to spread out the mesentery. I do not know but the 

 raven may show the same. The ducts of the liver and pancreas were 

 the same as in the raven. The testes were smaller than they were 

 even in the raven. The stomach may be called a gizzard ; it has stones 

 in it as usual. This description was taken from a shot one [probably a 

 rook]. 



TJie difference between a Crow and a Rook. 



One [Corvus corone, Linn.] was larger than the other, of a much finer 

 black, and had more feathers on the neck. The bill was short and 

 black, the legs black and not strong, nor the toes long : the claws were 

 sharp. The downy roots of the feathers were of a clear pale or ash 

 colour. The stomach was not strong, yet was of the gizzard kind : it 

 was filled with stones and skins of insects. The two cseca were very 

 short. This was a female, and in three males of the same kind the 

 parts were similar to the above. 



